Chapter 11: The Jeffersonian Republic

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Chapter 11 The Jeffersonian Republic
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Lasting Effects of the Federalists

• They were hated why? Sedition Alien Acts
• There was a split in their own Party caused by
  Alexander Hamilton (Shocker)
• Didnt go to war w/ France

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1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 65 47.1
Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 64 46.4
John Jay New York Federalist 1 1 0.7

Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
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1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
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Results

• Jefferson wins through a technicality (3/5)
  compromise Negro President
• Adams got more popular vote Jefferson more
  electoral votes
• So now what happens Aaron Burr Jefferson are
  tied 73 to 73
• Who decides

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• House of Rep Decide (Article 2 Se. 1)
• Decision Deadlocked for Months Jefferson will
  win in the end
• Why? Adams Hamilton
• Result Peaceful transfer of power

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Revolution of 1800

• Why was it called this?
• Federalists stepped down like responsible adults
• Jefferson would restore the Presidency back to
  the Peoples Party spirit of 1776

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Who Is Jefferson
Scholar They shy Slob
Designed Monticello Pajama Greeter
Dec. of Ind. 107,000 in debt death
Died at 83 secret (Cold foot baths) Affair w/ Betsey Walker 1768 (Best buds wife)
Wrote a book about Jesus Christ 1787 in France stole Rice (illegal) punishable by death
Copy Machine Affair w/ Sally Hemming (Own slave) ½ sister in law
LA Purchase 15 mill Sent messages to congress to be read (Wilson broke this)
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Jeffersons Changes

• March 4, 1801 Takes office (57 yrs)
• All were Federalists all were Republicans
• Freed people in Jail under the Sedition Act
• Returned the Alien act back to 5 yrs
• Abolished the Excise Tax
• Albert Gallatin Reduced debt balanced the
  budget (Secretary of Treasurer)

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Judiciary Act Crisis

• Last Act passed by Federalists 1801
• It created 16 new Federal Judgeships (life
  appointments) why did they do this? To
  maintain control even after they were gone
• John Marshal becomes Supreme Court justice 1799)
  (a strong Federalists appt. by Adams)
• Also is cousin to Jefferson served during Valley
  Forge

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Marbury v. Madison 1803

• William Marbury Appt. to justice of Peace of
  the District of Columbia 1801
• James Madison (Sect. of state) Denied Marbury
  his job (stopped delivery)
• Marbury finds out, is furious so he SUES to get
  the job (uses the Judiciary Act of 1789 as
  evidence)
• Goes to the Supreme Court Chief Justice John
  Marshal has this to say . .. . . . .. . . . . .
  . . . .. .

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Result

• He single handedly answered the question of which
  branch of government gets to decide the
  constitutionality of laws?
• Established Judicial Review The Supreme Court
  alone has the power to decide the
  constitutionality of laws (The court has no
  jurisdiction over the Executive can not force
  Jefferson to give Marbury his seat) Brilliant
• Jefferson wanted revenge Tried to impeach
  Samuel Chase 1804 (Supreme Court Justice) it
  Failed to say the least

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Jeffersons Foreign Entanglements

• Reduced Military to 2500 men
• Reduced the Navy
• Drawbacks to this
• 1801 Barbary pirates (North Africa) were
  attacking U.S. merchant ships (Pasha of Tripoli)
  cut down the flagstaff of the U.S. consultant act
  of war!!!!! Why
• He was upset b/c he was NOT getting paid enough
  to protect U.S. ships (Bribe Money)

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Jeffersons Response

• Sent the Navy
• Took 4 LONG YEARS to end this ridiculous war
• What stopped it finally? Jefferson paid 60.000
  to end it!!!!! Most of it was ransom money to
  get our people back

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LA Purchase 1803

• 1800 Napoleon secretly gets the LA Territory from
  Spain
• Why? Wanted a New World Empire
• Result Farmers who relied on the mouth of the
  MS to transport goods were furious this could
  ruin there trade business
• Jefferson to overt another war sent James
  Madison Robert Livingston send them to make
  negotiations
• GOAL Buy LA purchase land for 10 mill flat

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Results

• Napoleon gives up the Land for 15 mill (3 cents
  per acre)
• Why?
• Rebellion in Haiti French dying from yellow
  fev.
• Needed money to renew his war w/ Britain
• Done Deal on April 30, 1803
• But this causes big problems in Congress

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• Constitution does not mention the President can
  buy Land
• Jefferson took a loose interpretation instead of
  a strict interp.
• Federalists wend nuts and opposed him
• Why? Simple more land meant more settlers, that
  would create more states, more farmers meant
  more Republicans
• Spring 1804 Jefferson sent 2 men to explore his
  new purchase

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Aaron Burr Conspiracies

• Plotted w/ a group of Extreme Federalists to get
  New England New York to succeed from the U.S.
• Alexander H exposed his (dumb) plan
• Burr angry challenged him to a duel
• Hamilton showed up but refused to shoot and Burr
  shot him in the head

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• This IDIOT than fled to the Trans MS area hooked
  up with a military general James Wilkinson
• Together they tried to split the West east to
  form a new Confederacy (We call that TREASON)
• Jefferson finds out then General Wilkinson
  betrays him and Burr gets arrested
• John Marshal states that intentions are not
  enough to throw a man in jail you need evidence?
• So Burr gets acquitted (freed)
• Runs to France tries to convince Napoleon to
  attack the U.S.
• Lesson to Be Learned
• When you get new land make sure you have the
  resources to govern it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Staying out of War . . . Again

• Election 1804 Jefferson wins 162 to 14
• But Economic struggles begin to effect the
  economy
• Why France Britain are fighting who do we
  trade with the most?

Jefferson Pinckney
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• France was unstoppable on Land
• Britain had the unstoppable navy
• Due to their control our trade begin to shrink
• 1806 Londons new Govt. issues the Order of
  Council Closed European ports under French
  Control to foreign shipping including America
  (unless they stopped at a British port 1st)
• Napoleon retaliated by seizing merchant ships
  again including American ships that stopped at a
  British port 1st
• 1808-1811 over 6,000 men were seized during this
  time
• Clash of the Chesapeake off VA between a U.S.
  ship and a British ship where England sunk our
  ship (Jefferson still clung to hope)

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Can We Protect Ourselves without Surrendering Our
Rights?

• U.S. could not be neutral either way rights of
  neutrality were violated
• Embargo Act (1807) forbade any American exports
  to foreign nations
• Did Jefferson have the authority to do this?
• Ah, his plan, but Congress passed the law!!
• Economic Depression Exports fell 80 in 1808
• Unemployment rose prices rose
• Jefferson chose not to run for a third term
• Said he would honor Washingtons tradition, but
  did he step aside to save his party?

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The Road to War

• James Madison, Jeffersons Secretary of State
  elected major priority to fix economy and
  problems with Europe
• Non-Intercourse Act opened trade with all
  nations except Britain and France (who was left
  in 1809?)
• Macons Bill No. 2 reopened trade with Britain
  and France but gave Madison the right to refuse
  trade with either if neutrality violations
  continued

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Causes of the War of 1812

• European trade problems
• British failures to comply with treaties
  (disrespect)
• War Hawks generation of new government
  officials who had not seen war

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More Causes of the War of 1812

• British fomented Indian unification efforts and
  raids
• Westward movement continued and angered Indians,
  Indians look to British in Canada to help stop
  westward expansion
• British had always advocated limited westward
  movement and Jefferson and Harrison gave Indians
  2 choices assimilate or move west of the
  Mississippi
• Tecumseh and the Prophet Harrison and Battle of
  Tippecanoe