Natural products: fats and oils

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Natural products fats and oils

• Intermediate 2 Chemistry
• Unit 2(e)

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Key questions

• What is the difference between a fat and an oil?
• What causes this difference?

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Classifying fats and oils

• According to their origin
• Animal e.g. lard
• Vegetable e.g. sunflower oil
• Marine e.g. cod liver oil

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Function in the human body

• Provide energy
• A more concentrated energy source than the same
  mass of carbohydrate

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What are fats and oils?

• Esters
• Their parent alcohol is glycerol
• The alkanoic acids are fatty acids

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Glycerol
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Fatty acids
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Key questions

• Can you give an example of a situation when fats
  or oils are broken down?
• What type of reaction is involved?
• In what ratio will the products be produced?

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Difference between fats and oils

• Fats are solid at room temperature oils are
  liquids.
• Fats have higher melting points than oils.

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Structure of fats

• Saturated molecules
• Regular structure
• Tight packing
• Stronger forces between molecules

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Structure of oils

• Unsaturated molecules
• Irregular structure
• Loose packing
• Weaker forces between molecules

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Converting oils into fats

• What would need to be done to convert an oil into
  a fat?
• CC is removed through an addition reaction with
  hydrogen