The Northern Colonies

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The Northern Colonies

• The Main Idea
• The pilgrims founded colonies in Massachusetts
  based on Puritan religious ideals, while dissent
  led to the founding of other New England
  colonies.
• Reading Focus
• Why did the Puritans flee England?
• How did dissent among the Puritans threaten the
  New England colonies?
• What was life like in New England?

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Puritans Flee to Freedom

• Church of England was the official church of the
  land
• People had to attend church and pay taxes to
  support the church
• Dissenters were fined and put in prison
• Puritans wanted to purify the Church of
  England.
• Wanted simpler church service
• Objected to the wealth and power of bishops
• Separatists were more strict Puritans.
• Wanted to remove all traces of Catholicism
• Wanted total separation from the Church of England

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Plymouth Colony

• Separatists moved to the Netherlands in 1608
• Wars in Europe, wanted to move somewhere to start
  their own society
• Led by William Bradford, 35 Separatists joined 66
  others on the Mayflower in 1620.
• They were supposed to land in an established
  colony.accident that they did not?
• Mayflower Compact
• Founded Plymouth Colony near present-day Boston
• Colony never grew very large

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Puritan merchants formed Massachusetts Bay
  Company.
• In 1630 John Winthrop set out with 11 ships and
  700 people for New England.
• This colony grew faster than Plymouth.
• Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay
  colonies inspired the Great Migration.
• Over 20,000 English men and women came to settle
  in New England.

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Dissent among the Puritans

• Dissenters (people who disagreed) left
  Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled new towns.
• Thomas Hooker settled in Connecticut gave voting
  rights to all free men
• Roger Williams, believed in tolerance and
  separation of church and government
• Said settlers should BUY land from natives
• 1636 gov. ordered him arrested returned to
  England
• He fled, founded Providence (Rhode Island) with
  land he bought from natives in 1636

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Dissent among the Puritans

• Anne Hutchinson
• Believed that people did not need a minister to
  be spiritual.
• Banished from Mass. Bay, went to Providence with
  her followers
• Ironically.
• Although founded on the principal of religious
  freedom, the Puritan colonies did not
  necessarily allow freedom of religious expression
  amongst their citizens.

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Life in New England

• Believe in educating boys and girls, but boys had
  more opportunity
• Started colleges like Harvard and Yale

Education

• Most were royal colonies (ruled by king). In town
  meetings church members and land owners voted on
  local matters.

Government

• No longer needed natives for survival natives
  now had guns.
• Some Puritans felt it was their duty to drive the
  Native Americans out or kill them.
• Land conflicts caused Pequot War and King
  Philips War. Both nearly wiped out the Native
  Americans involved.

NativeAmericans
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Massachusetts Trivia

• Pilgrims called themselves saints
• Nearly half of settlers died the first year
• Squanto native who helped Pilgrims had been to
  Europe serving as a slave when he returned, his
  people were dead
• Mass Bay referred to as City on a Hill a
  model society
• Mass Bay started free education, 2 house
  government, printing books, trial by jury, modern
  corporation system

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Relations with Natives

• Pequot War 1637 in CT, Pequots nearly wiped out
  by colonists and native allies
• Colonists set fire to the fort, shot those trying
  to escape, natives allies were upset.
• King Philips War 1675 Metacom (King Philip)
  organized alliance of natives,
• starvation, disease and casualties wore them down
• Metacom killed by a native ally of colonists, his
  head was on display for 20 years