Muscle Quick Facts

1
Muscle Quick Facts

• Courage is very important.
• Like a muscle, it is strengthened by use. -Ruth
  Gordon

2
What causes muscle cramps?

• A muscle contracts with great intensity and stays
  contracted, refusing to stretch or lengthen
  again.
• This is a change in the nervous impulse.
• Minerals such as __________________________
  _______________________________play a key role in
  the transmission of these signals.
• Imbalances of these minerals, as well as certain
  hormones, fluids and chemicals can cause muscle
  cramps.
• _____________________________________________
• ______________________________________________

3
Muscle Spasm

• A _______________________________________
  _________________________contraction.
• Feels like a tight knot.
• Occur in muscles that are overworked or injured.
• Rest and time resolve most muscle spasms.

4
How many muscles does it take to smile and frown?

• _____ to smile
• _____ to frown

5
What is the longest muscle in the body?

• ___________________

6
How many muscles are involved in chewing food?

• Four pairs of muscles in the face are involved in
  chewing (mastication).
• They are some of the strongest muscles of the
  body.

7
How many muscles are in the fingers and thumbs?

• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _____
• The ______________ that control
  these_____________ are located in the hand and
  forearm.

8
Which are the fastest muscles?

• _____________________________
• Allow your eyes to move.

9
Smallest Muscles?

• ____________________________
• Found in the middle ear.
• Thinner than a thread (0.05 inches) in length.
• It activates the stirrup that sends vibrations
  from the eardrum to the inner ear.

10
Largest Muscle?
11
The Muscular System
Muscles come and go flab lasts. -Bill Vaughan
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Intro

• There are more than __________muscles in the
  human body
• Muscles are responsible for our breathing and
  eating
• The beating of our hearts involved muscle
  activity

13
Muscle tissue

• What is tissue?
• __________________________________________________
  _____________________________________
• Muscle Tissue
• Group of cells that ____________ during
  contraction which creates tension and results in
  movement.
• muscle tissue can shorten by about ________ its
  resting length in response to nerve, nerve-like
  or hormonal stimulation.

14
Types of Muscles

• There are three types of muscle in the human
  body

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Types of Muscles

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Types of Muscles

• Skeletal Muscle
• _____________________________
• Attach _______________, via Ligaments.
• Voluntary
• We have conscious control over these muscles
• The brain tells them what to do
• ________________ or Striped Appearance
• Series of light and dark
• I bands Light (Actin), A bands Dark (Myosin)

17
Cardiac Muscles (only in the heart)

• responsible for creating the action that pumps
  blood from the heart to the rest of the body
• forms the hearts thick wall (layers of
  interlacing cardiac muscle fibres)
• _________________________they are not controlled
  consciously
• are directed to act by the autonomic nervous
  system contract spontaneously in association
  with special impulse-conducting muscle cells
  ?_________________________________
• __________________________________________________
  ___________
• cardiac muscle is also ___________________________
  ____
• definitive junctions between cells (intercalated
  discs)
• a centrally located nuclei

18
Smooth Muscles

• __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  ______________________________
• centrally positioned nucleus, no cross striations
• found in walls of organs with hollow cavities
  (viscera) and serve to propel material along the
  length of those cavities
• Including blood vessels, hair follicles,
  intestines
• contract more slowly than skeletal muscle tissue
  (sustained, rhythmic contractions menstrual
  contractions and stomach cramps)
• can remain contracted for longer periods of time
• __________________________ their spindle-shaped
  fibres are usually arranged in dense sheets.

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Tendons vs. Ligaments

• Tendon (skeletal movement)
• tough bands of connective tissue that join
  --________________________.
• Ligament
• Attach _____________________

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Properties of Muscle Fibres

• Irritability
• Contractibility
• Elasticity
• Extensibility
• Conductivity