The%20Worms!

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The Worms!
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Three Phyla of Worms

• Flatworms Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Roundworms Phylum Nematoda
• Segmented worms Phylum Annelida

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Worm Body Characteristics

• Body Symmetry bilateral
• Cell Organization cells to tissues to organs to
  SIMPLE organ systems
• Reproduction sexual/asexual (regeneration)
• Body Development zygote to egg to cocoon to
  adult

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The Flatworms

• Over 10, 000 species
• Flat bodies
• Most are parasites
• Tapeworms
• Liver flukes
• Non parasitic types
• Planarian

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Tapeworms are Parasites

• Can live in humans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, and
  other pets.
• Step 1 the larvae is ingested (ex. eating pork
  that was infested with the tapeworm eggs)
• Step 2 Larvae grows into a worm and hooks onto
  the intestine wall
• Step 3 Tapeworm feeds off of food in the
  intestines grows larger and larger
• Step 4 Eggs leave through the feces of the host
  and the eggs can be ingested by another animal.

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How Do You Get rid of a Tapeworm?

• Medicines can kill the worm and the host gets rid
  of the worm in tiny pieces through its feces.
• Worm can be coaxed out through the mouth or
  anus.
• Worm can be pulled out through a small incision
  in the skin.

The longest tapeworm ever removed from a human
came out of Sally Mae Wallace on September 05,
1991. In all, doctors pulled 37 feet of tapeworm
out of Sally Mae Wallace's body through her
mouth. If you find all of this disgusting, be
glad you're not a whale as tapeworms in whales
can grow up to 120 feet long.
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The Roundworms

• Cylindrical bodies
• One-way digestive system
• Some are parasites

Ascaris roundworm Found only in humans where
there are unsanitary conditions and poor
plumbing. Roughly 1 in 6 people worldwide are
infected. Eggs hatch and bore through intestine
walls. The worm then moves to the heart, the
lungs and then OUT the breathing passages.
Tubeworms grow on ocean thermal vents. They grow
from both ends!
Raccoon roundworms
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The Segmented Worms
Earthworms help to aerate soil and increase plant
growth.

• Bodies are long and narrow
• Made up of many linked sections called segments.
• Exs. leeches, earthworms, bristle worm

Leeches can be used for medicinal purposes
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The Segments

• Many organ systems run through all the segments
• Digestive system, nervous system, circulatory
  system
• Others are found only in certain areas
• Reproductive system

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How Do Some Worms Reproduce?

• Asexual Reproduction
• Regeneration the re-growth of an organ, tissue,
  or part that has been lost or destroyed

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Sexual Reproduction In Earthworms
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HOW EARTHWORMS LIVE

• They tunnel for a living
• They are scavengers
• Eat the decayed remains of plants and animals
• Earthworms come out mostly at night.
• The ground is damp
• Most predators are asleep
• Worms get their oxygen through their damp skin.
• If they dry out they will die

Who am I? I am a giant earthwormWhere do I live?
I burrow deep into the wet earth of the
rainforestWhat do I eat? Leaf litter and
dirtWhat do I do? I grow up to a meter long and
I am bright blueWhat is special about me? My
spit glows in the dark
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How Do Earthworms Move?

• The worms have well-developed muscles that allow
  them to burrow
• Bristles (setae) are found on each segment and
  stick into the ground.

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How Are Earthworms Beneficial?

• Improve the soil in which plants grow.
• Earthworm droppings make the soil more fertile.
• Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil and allow air,
  water and plant roots to move through it.
• Earthworms are decomposers and can be used in
  compost piles.