The Crusades

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The Crusades
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I. Background

1. The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) took control of the
   Holy Land (Jerusalem) .

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1. In 1095, Pope Urban II organized a crusade (a
   holy war to recapture Jerusalem).

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• REMEMBER?
• The Holy Land is considered holy to Jews,
  Christians and Muslims.

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• C. There were SEVEN Crusades fought over 200
  years.

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• D. European kings united for the church instead
  of fighting each other.

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II. Causes of the Crusades

• 1. Pope Urban II believed this would increase his
  power.
• 2. Christians believed they would go to heaven.

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• 3. Nobles wanted wealth, land and adventure!
• 4. Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
  (hardship).

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The fighting goes on and on

• In the First Crusade, Christians captured
  Jerusalem in 1099, massacring Muslim inhabitants.

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And on

• Muslims leaders tried to regain these kingdoms,
  which resulted in THREE more Crusades over the
  next 200 years!

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III. During the Crusades

• A. Saladin the Muslim General
• During the Second Crusade in the 1100s, Saladin
  retook Jerusalem.

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And on
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• He forbade his soldiers to kill, harm, or
  steal from the Crusaders, who had surrendered to
  him.

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• B. Richard the Lion-Hearted famous King of
  England.
• Though he vowed to retake Jerusalem in the Third
  Crusade (1189-1192), it never happened.

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• During the Third Crusade, Saladin learned that
  Richards horse was killed.
• He sent him another horse, declaring that so
  gallant a warrior should not have to fight on
  foot!

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• Another account tells that Richard fell ill and
  wanted fruit and drink.
• Saladin sent him pears, peaches, and his personal
  doctor!
• Saladin repeatedly remarked that if he must lose
  Jerusalem, hed rather lose it to Richard than to
  any other man alive.

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• C. These two leaders greatly respected one
  another.

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And on

• The Fourth Crusade was supposed to regain
  Jerusalem, but the crusading knights ended up
  looting Constantinople.

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• Muslims overran the crusader states by 1291.
  This time, the Muslims massacred the Christian
  inhabitants after their victory.

And on
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IV. Impact/ Effects/ Results/ Outcomes of the
Crusades
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• 1. A legacy of religious hatred intolerance
• between Christians, Muslims and Jews.

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2. Education Increased in Europe

• Europeans gained a wider view of the world.

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• Europeans were exposed to Muslim math, science,
  literature and art.
• Rediscovery of Greek and Roman writings (Muslims
  preserved them too!)

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• 3. Increased trade
• As demand for good grew, Italian city states
  (Venice Florence) grew
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• spices, sugar, lemons, rugs, coffee, perfumes,
  silk, cotton, raisins and glass.

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• 4. A money economy grew
• Peasants paid rent in , not labor
• Taxes financed Crusades

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• 5. Increased power of European kings
• Kings won the right to tax people.
• The power of the feudal nobility declined.