Society

1
Society Morality

• The Middle Ages
• 1066-1485

2
Major Historical Events

• Battle of Hastings, 1066
• William the Conqueror defeats King Harold
• England changes
• Language
• Emphasis on law order
• Cultural unity
• Feudalism
• Chivalry

3
Major Historical Events

• Crusades, 1095 1270
• Exposed Europe to
• Math
• Astronomy
• Architecture of the Middle East

4
Major Historical Events

• First Tudor King, Henry VII, crowned, 1485

5
Major Historical Events

• Murder in a cathedral Saint Thomas a Becket
• 1118-1170
• By King Henrys knights
• Pilgrimage to Canterbury
• Premise of Chaucers work

6
Major Historical Events

• Magna Carta, 1215
• The Great Charter
• Purpose curb Churchs power
• Result basis for English Constitutional law

7
Major Historical Events

• Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
• First national war
• England vs. France
• Est. British national consciousness

8
Major Historical Events

• The Black Death (1348 1349)
• Bubonic plague
• Reduced population by 1/3
• Power to the people

9
Life in the Middle Ages

• System both of government and of landownership.
• Give oath of loyalty, receive land.
• Nobleman ruled land, judged legal cases, imposed
  taxes, and maintained an army

10
Life in the Middle Ages

• Women No Voice, No Choice
• Always subservient to men
• Social status status of husband or father

11
Life in the Middle Ages

• Most centers around feudal castle
• Population growthtowns citiesfreedom
• Development of city classes
• Lower
• Middle
• Upper-middle
• Peoples art
• Ballads
• Plays
• Cathedrals

12
Medieval Values

• Code of Chivalry
• Adhering to oath of loyalty
• Observing rules of warfare
• http//www.astro.umd.edu/marshall/chivalry.html

13
Medieval Values

• Courtly Love Ideal but Unreal
• Achieve self-improvement
• Nonsexual
• Promotes bravery

14
Values

• World centered around nobility

15
Values

• Abbey and monastery were center of life

16
Values

• People made pilgrimages to shrines of martyrs and
  God

17
Medieval Literature

• Folk Ballads
• Mystery, Miracle, and Morality Plays
• Legends
• Romances
• The Canterbury Tales

18
Medieval Romance
19
Basic Narrative Pattern

• A quest, in which the hero undertakes a dangerous
  journey in search of something of value
• 5 Elements of a Quest
• A quester
• A place to go
• A stated reason to go there
• Challenges and trials
• The real reason to goalways self-knowledge

20
Elements of Romance

• Unusual or exotic setting
• A near perfect hero
• A test of the hero
• Brave knights
• An evil enemy
• Battles, quests, contests, tests
• Magical or supernatural elements events

21
Elements of Romance

• Good vs. Evil
• Female figures who are usually maidens (beautiful
  in need of rescue), mothers, or crones
• High-born figures, such as kings or queens
• Themes of love, loyalty, faith, courage in a
  blend of realism and fantasy

22
3 Steps to Becoming a Knight

• Receiving the Sword
• If a lord or king decides you are worthy to be
  made a knight, he will begin by handing you a
  sword.
• The All-Night Vigil
• You must spend the night before your dubbing
  ceremony praying that you will be worthy of the
  honor of knighthood.
• The Dubbing Ceremony
• At the dubbing ceremony, the lord will tap you
  with your sword and cry, Arise, Sir Hector! You
  will now be a knight.

23
Courtly Love Knightly Adventure

• Some Rules of Courtly Love

• He who is not jealous cannot love.
• Boys do not love until they reach the age of
  maturity.
• When one lover dies, a widowhood of two years is
  required of the survivor

From The Art of Courtly Love by Andreas Capellanus
24
Courtly Love Knightly Adventure

• Some Rules of Courtly Love Cont . . .

• It is not proper to love any woman whom one would
  be ashamed to seek to marry.
• A true lover does not desire to embrace in love
  anyone except his beloved.
• The easy attainment of love makes it of little
  value difficulty of attainment makes it prized.

From The Art of Courtly Love by Andreas Capellanus
25
Courtly Love Knightly Adventure

• When made public love rarely endures.
• A new love puts an old one to flight.
• Good characters alone makes any man worthy of
  love.
• Rich jealousy always increases the feeling of
  love.

• Some Rules of Courtly Love Cont . . .

From The Art of Courtly Love by Andreas Capellanus
26
Courtly Love Knightly Adventure

• Some Rules of Courtly Love Cont . . .

• He whom the thought of love vexes eats and sleeps
  very little.
• A true lover considers nothing good except what
  he thinks will please his beloved.
• Nothing forbids one woman being loved by two men
  or one man by two women.

From The Art of Courtly Love by Andreas Capellanus
27
Ideals of Knightly Conduct

• Courage
• Loyalty
• Courtesy

28
Code of Chivalry

• Loyalty
• Maintain commitment to the people and ideals you
  choose to live by. Never compromise.
• Defense
• Stay true to the oath to defend the liege lord
  seek always to defend your nation and your family.

29
Code of Chivalry

• Prowess
• Seek excellence in all endeavors. Use strength
  for justice not for personal gain.
• Justice
• Seek always the path of right, or unencumbered
  by bias or personal interest, no matter what the
  cost.

30
Code of Chivalry

• Humility
• Do not boast of your own accomplishments let
  others do this for you. Honor others before
  yourself.
• Courage
• Be ready to follow the most difficult paths. Be
  prepared to make personal sacrifices in service
  of others.

31
Code of Chivalry

• Faith
• Have faith in your beliefs, for faith roots you
  and gives hope against the despair created by
  human failings
• Generosity
• Be generous as much as your resources allow
  generosity in this way counters gluttony.
• Nobility
• Hold to the virtues and duties of a knight,
  realizing the ideals cannot be reached.

32
Code of Chivalry

• The Ten Commandments of the Code of Chivalry
• I. Believe all that the Church teaches, and
  observe all its directions.
• II. Defend the Church.
• III. Respect all weaknesses, and constitute
  thyself defender of them.
• IV. Love the country in which you were born.
• V. Do not recoil before your enemy.
• VI. Make war against the Infidel without
  cessation, and without mercy.
• VII. Perform scrupulously your feudal duties, if
  they be not contrary to the laws of God.
• VIII. Never lie, and remain faithful to your
  pledged word.
• IX. Be generous, and give largess to everyone.
• X. Be everywhere and always the champion of the
  Right and the Good against Injustice and Evil.

From Chivalry by Leon Gautier
33

• May be based in fact
• Feature these elements
• Heroic figures and memorable deeds
• Quests, contests, or tests
• Patterned events (for instance, events repeated
  three times)
• Included
• Detailed descriptions
• Plot twists
• Sophisticated characterization

34
King Arthur

• Was King Arthur real?
• No one knows, but his name has popped up since
  the sixth century, and by the ninth century, he
  was a folk hero.

35
Morte dArthur

• Written by Sir Thomas Mallory
• First English prose version of King Arthurs
  life.
• Romance medieval legend
• King Arthur battles his illegitimate son,
  Mordred, loses his knights and dies himself
• Values
• Chivalry, bravery, loyalty, warfare, honor,
  conquests, heroism
• Themes
• Love, loyalty, betrayal

36
Sir Gawain the Green Knight

• Romance medieval legend
• Values
• Heroism, honor, chivalry, bravery, beauty,
  honesty, loyalty
• Gawain is Arthurs loyal nephew he is tested by
  three challenges
• Gawain is admirable, but not invulnerable