REALTIME NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION IN THE FUTURE

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REALTIME NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION IN THE FUTURE

• Frank C. Beall
• University of California at Berkeley

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FORECASTING

• Those who have knowledge dont predict those who
  predict dont have knowledge
• Lao Tzu, 6th Century BC Chinese Poet

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Outline

• Past predictions
• Assumptions for 2100
• Role of NDE
• Means of accomplishing role

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Past predictions (personal)

• FPRS Plenary presentation (1988)
• NDT of Wood Symposium paper (1990)
• NDT of Wood Symposium keynote (1996)

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Future of NDE of Wood and Wood-based Materials
(1996)

• Megatrends
• Limitations and barriers
• Opportunities

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Megatrends

• Comprehensive monitoring
• Integrated automatic systems
• Joint venture solutions

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1996 Limitations and Barriers

• Low cost of wood
• Fragmentation of the industry
• Lack of critical mass for research
• Past failures and overselling
• Limitations of technologies
• Harsh processing conditions
• Inherent and processing defects
• Variation in materials
• Negative impact of moisture
• Adhesive role in integrity

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Future Opportunities

• Assessment of service deterioration
• Surface roughness
• Duration of load and creep
• Treatment levels and gradients
• Stress grading
• Fire performance
• Adhesive curing and bond quality
• Curing and integrity of coatings/finishes
• Accelerated aging

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Assumptions for 2100

• Raw Material
• Processing
• Products
• Structures

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Assumptions for 2100Raw Material

• 80 of structural wood is from plantations
• Juvenile wood is an insignificant factor for
  fast-growth softwoods
• Carbon credits substantially increase the value
  (and cost) of wood
• Some plantations produce genetically-altered wood
  resistant to biodeterioration
• Adhesive cost is relatively low

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Assumptions for 2100Processing

• Most processes are continuous
• Most structural material is reconstituted
• Structural grading is a minor issue
• Adhesive bonding has greater efficiency
• Non-conventional bonding for some laminates

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Assumptions for 2100Products

• Structural materials include LVL, SCL, OSB/PW,
  etc
• Solid wood for special appearance only
• Increased resin content for reconstituted
  materials
• Adhesively-bonded materials have minimal creep

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STS
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Assumptions for 2100Older Structures

• Not engineered
• Substantially stick-built
• Have biodeterioration issues

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Assumptions for 2100New Structures

• Engineered (including residential)
• Prefab/unitized construction
• Fasteners for easy deconstruction
• Have minimal biodeterioration issues

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Roles of NDE--1

• Monitoring tree growth/stress/defects
• Verification testing of structural material and
  assemblies for all key mechanical properties
• Providing in-service monitoring for
  degradation/stress development

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Roles of NDE--2

• Closed-loop feedback control for processes
• Drying monitoring and control
• Cutting tool performance
• Adhesive curing
• Laboratory/service testing for accelerated aging

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NDE Technologies

• Future technologies are currently available
• Advances will be in software and miniaturization
• Scanners with integrated technologies will be
  both on-line and fully portable

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Means of accomplishing role

• Processing noncontacting gauges for measuring
  properties on line
• Service smart embedded sensors with indefinite
  lifetime (relative to lifetime of material)

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Tire Pressure System
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Caveat

• Well, if not 2100, how about 2200?