Review

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Review

• Turn in any work that you need to (those of you
  with the Academic Action Plans you have until
  next Tues to get those in!)
• Take out your notebook and open to a new page.
• WITHOUT looking back in your notes write down
  the 3 main ideas of the Cell Theory.

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Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

• Take out your notebook and open to the prokaryote
  and eukaryote classification activity.
• Correct your responses as we discuss this is
  all information that you will need to have to
  prepare for your next quiz!

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Prokaryotic Cells
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Prokaryotic cellsCheck your classification!

• Cells reproduce by binary fission (asexual
  reproduction where 1 cell divides into 2
  identical cells)
• Cells size is typically small (0.2 2.0 um)
  Smaller in size (1-10 um)
• Contain no membrane-bound organelles
• Has cell walls
• Cells of most unicellular organisms
• Thought to be the earliest living organisms on
• Bacteria
• Contains DNA

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Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
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Eukaryotic cellsCheck your classification!

• Has a true nucleus that has a nuclear membrane
  and nucleoli
• Contains membrane-bound organelles
• Has cell walls (plant cells)
• Reproduce through sexual reproduction resulting
  in non-identical daughter cells
• Cell size is typically large (2.0 um 1.0 mm)
• Cells of most multi-cellular organisms
• Animals and plants
• Contains DNA

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BOTH Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Additionally, prokaryotes and some eukaryotes
(plants) both have cell walls
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Organelles

• -Are (typically) membrane-bound structures with
  particular functions within eukaryotic cells.
• -Are on the surface of cells as well as inside
  the cell membrane.

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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Membrane (Animal and Plant)

• Job
• Boundary between the inside and the outside of a
  cell
• Is selectively permeable (think Mr. Parker!)
• Location Outside of the cell
• Composed of
• Phospholipid bilayer
• Transport proteins
• The model of the cell membrane is called the
  Fluid-Mosaic Model. (fluid phospholipids move
  w/in the membrane, mosaic patters created
  proteins on membrane surface)

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? Composition of a phospholipid
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Cell Wall (Plant)

• Most commonly found in plant cells bacteria
• Job Supports protects cells, almost acts as a
  shell
• Location Exterior of the cell
• Composed of Cellulose fibrils

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Cillia and Flagella (Animal and Prokaryotes)

• Job Helps cells move and aids in fluid transport
  
• Cilia many little hairs on the cell body
• Flagella few/one tail(s)
• Location On the exterior of the cell in the
  cell matrix.
• Composed of membrane bound cylinders

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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus (Plant and Animal)

• Job
• Directs cell activities, storage of genetic info
  (the brain of the cell)
• Location
• Separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear
  membrane (envelope)
• Composed of
• chromatin (DNA) which is the blueprint for
  proteins

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Cytoplasm (Plant and Animal)

• Job
• Suspension of eukaryotic organelles
• Site of numerous chemical reactions
• Location
• Inside the cell membrane, inside individual
  organelles
• Composed of Cytosol
• Water, salts, protein filaments, and organic
  compounds
• 70 of a cells volume

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (Animal and Plant)

• Job site of cellular chemical reactions,
  assembly of proteins
• Rough protein synthesis
• Smooth numerous biochemical activities,
  production and storage of lipids
• Location in the cytoplasm
• Composed of A highly folded membrane, Rough ER
  has ribosomes imbedded in it for protein synthesis

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Ribosomes (Plant and Animal)

• Each cell contains thousands
• Job Make proteins
• Location Found on the ER, on the nuclear
  envelope floating throughout the cell
• Composed of simple structure of 2 subunits
• RNA
• protein

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Mitochondria (Plant and Animal)

• Job
• Produces energy (ATP) through chemical reactions
  known as cellular respiration
• Breaks down sugar molecules
• Location
• in the cytoplasm
• Composed of
• membranes (outer, and a highly-folded inner
  membrane) and specific enzymes
• Facts
• Occur in various s depending on cell function
• Has its own DNA

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Golgi Apparatus (Plant and Animal)

• Job Packaging plant
• Sorts proteins into packages and packs them into
  vesicles to be sent where they are needed
• Location In the cytoplasm
• Composed of System like a flat stack of tubes

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Lysosomes (Animal)

• Job
• Digestive factory and breaks down waste
  (proteins, fats, and carbohydrates) with enzymes
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane
  for removal
• Location In the cytoplasm
• Composed of Digestive enzymes enclosed in a
  protective membrane and a lipid bilayer
• Cell breaks down if lysosomes explode - this is
  how a tadpole looses its tail when it turns into
  a frog!

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Vacuoles (Plant and Animal)

• Job
• Storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Helps plants maintain their shape
• Location
• In the cytoplasm
• Composed of
• Water a thin membrane

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Chloroplast (Plant)

• Job
• Capture light energy (in thylakoid membranes) and
  convert it into chemical energy through
  photosynthesis.
• Location
• In the cytoplasm
• Composed of
• A double membrane
• Grana stacks of membranous sacs

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Cytoskeleton (Plant and Animal)

• Job
• Support and structure (think tent poles!)
• Cell division and transport
• Anchors organelles
• Location
• In the cytoplasm
• Composed of
• Microtubules thin hollow cylinders made of
  protein
• Microfilaments smaller, solid protein fibers

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Lets compare
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