Nobel Prizes 1933

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Nobel Prizes 1933

• Presentation By
• Sanket Shah

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• Nobel Prizes year 1933
• Physics Erwin Schrodinger and Paul Adrien
  Maurice Dirac.
• For the discovery of new productive forms of
  atomic theory.
• Literature Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
• for the strict artistry with which he has carried
  on the classical Russian traditions in prose
  writing
• Peace Sir Norman Angell

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine Year 1933

• Thomas Hunt Morgan
• California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
• Pasadena, CA, USA
• b. 1866
• d. 1945

"for his discoveries concerning the role played
by the chromosome in heredity"
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Early researches

• Gregor mendel (Father of genetics)
• His work on pea plant.
• Later it was found that his laws are not only
  confined to garden peas but also apply to other
  plants and animals.
• Mendel did not know of process that takes place
  in formation of pollen and egg but still he
  justified validity of his assumptions.

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Mendels rules

• The cleaving rule if two different hereditary
  factors for a certain quality are combined in one
  generation they separate in following generation.
• Free combinations when new generations arise
  the different heriditary factors can form new
  combinations independent of each other.

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Findings

• Most significant additions that have been made to
  Mendels laws are linkage and crossing over.
• Two chromosomes were found in drosophila that
  gave sex linked inheritance. It was demonstrated
  that genes lie in a single line in each
  chromosome.

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Genes

• Gene is a material unit or a fictitious unit?
• Chromosome divide in such a way that line of
  genes is split.
• After infinite subdivisions genes do not diminish
  in size or alter in properties.
• For millions of divisions the material remains
  the same, if it changes it is called mutation.

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Findings contd..

• Earlier they believed that a gene is responsible
  for single effect. But then it was evident that
  in some cases it produces multitude effects.
• During meiotic division chromosomes move to
  different walls, but it is not known what
  physical processes are involved.

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Findings contd..

• It was earlier believed that any two chromosomes
  can mate. But then it was found erroneous.
• When a chromosome has lost one end it conjugates
  with its mate only in parts where like genes are
  present.
• When it loses a part, it shows a loop.
• Some regions in chromosome stain deeply and some
  faintly, based on the region contains or does not
  contain genes.

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Physiological properties of genes

• If characters are determined by genes than why
  are all cells not identical?
• How does egg get converted into embryo?
• Protoplasm of egg is different at different
  levels.
• Different genes come into action at different
  time during development.

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Genetics and medicine

• Certain malformations like structural defects,
  few physiological traits and few psychopathic are
  inherited.
• Morgans and Mendels findings are fundamental
  and decisive for investigation and understanding
  of hereditary diseases.