Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 22 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 22

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Four forms identified: occulta, meningocele, meningomyelocele (cystica) and myeloschisis. * Spina Bifida: Four Forms Spinal cord (yellow) * 3. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 22


1
Psychology 304 Brain and BehaviourLecture 22
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders
1. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been
identified?
3
By the end of todays class, you should be able
to
1. discuss the causes, neurological correlates,
and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders.
4
What neurodevelopmental disorders have been
identified?
1. Anencephaly
  • Occurs when the anterior neural tube does not
    close, resulting in incomplete brain
    development. Caused by genetic abnormalities,
    folic acid deficiencies, and/or exposure to
    neurotoxins.

5
Anencephaly Incomplete Brain Development
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Anencephaly Incomplete Brain Development
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2. Spina bifida
  • Occurs when the posterior neural tube does not
    close, resulting in spinal cord defects and limb
    paralysis. Caused by genetic abnormalities,
    folic acid deficiencies, and/or exposure to
    neurotoxins.
  • Four forms identified occulta, meningocele,
    meningomyelocele (cystica) and myeloschisis.

8
Spinal cord (yellow)
Spina Bifida Four Forms
9
3. Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
  • Occurs when an extra copy of chromosome 21 is
    produced. Caused by errors in cell division.
  • Associated with abnormal brain development
    Abnormal dendrites, simpler and smaller gyri and
    sulci, smaller frontal lobes, lighter brain.
    After age 30, brain degeneration typically
    occurs.
  • Accompanied by mental retardation,
    abnormalities in internal organs, and altered
    facial and body features.

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Down Syndrome Physical Characteristics
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Down Syndrome Physical Characteristics
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Down Syndrome Controversial Craniofacial Surgery
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Neurodevelopmental Disorders
1. What neurodevelopmental disorders have been
identified?
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