Psychological Disorders

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Psychological Disorders
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Psychological disorders

• How do we classify disorders?
• Types of disorders
• Labeling
• What are
• Anxiety disorders?
• Mood disorders?
• Dissociation disorders?
• Schizophrenic disorders
• Personality disorders?

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How do we classify psychological disorders?

• DSM-IV-TR

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DSM-IV-TR

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
  Disorders
• (4th. Ed. Text revision(TR)
• Used to identify psychological disorders
• Does not explain causes

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What is the effect of labeling psychological
disorders?

• It biases your perception of the patients
  behavior
• After you know the diagnosis (label) even normal
  behavior is seen as a symptom of that diagnosis.

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What are anxiety disorders?
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder

• Vague expectation that something bad will happen.
• Unfocused, out-of-control negative feelings.

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Panic Disorder

• Panic attack
• Agoraphobia - fear of situations you can not
  escape if a panic attack occurs.

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Phobias

• An irrational fear of something
• E.g. Arachnophobia - fear of spiders
• Social phobia - fear of social situations
• (Shyness taken to an extreme)

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Obsessive - compulsive disorders

• Obsessive thoughts
• Thoughts that wont go away
• Compulsive behavior
• Checking a locked door
• Straightening books or fringe on a carpet
• Hand washing
• Flashing

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

• Causes
• Trauma
• War
• Rape
• Effects (symptoms)
• Nightmares
• Flashbacks
• Social withdrawal
• Anxiety
• Insomnia (trouble sleeping)

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Dissociative disorders

• Conscious awareness becomes separated
  (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts
  and feelings.

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Dissociative identity disorder (Multiple
personalities)

• Two or more distinct identities that control
  their behavior.
• Each person has its own voice and mannerisms.
• One personality is usually unaware of the others.

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What are mood disorders?

• Depression
• The common cold of psychological disorders
• Main reason people seek mental health services
• Symptoms
• Low energy
• Low self-esteem
• Never happy

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Bipolar Disorder

• Depression to manic episodes
• Alternating between hopelessness and unrestrained
  optimism.

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Schizophrenia

• Split mind
• Disorganized speech and thought
• Word salad
• Flight of ideas
• Inappropriate emotions actions
• Delusions (I am God)
• Hallucinations (see or hear things)
• False beliefs (Someone is poisoning me)

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Types of Schizophrenia

• Paranoid
• Delusions or hallucinations
• Themes of persecution
• The Russians are after me.

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Types of schizophrenia (cont.)

• Catatonic
• Motionless - for long periods of time
• Parrot like repeating of anothers speech

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Undifferentiated

• Many different symptoms as discussed before.

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What are Personality Disorders?

• Antisocial personality disorder
• Formally called sociopath or psychopath
• No conscience or guilt feelings - (e.g. serial
  killer)

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