Tuesday!!!!! 12/13/11

1
Tuesday!!!!!12/13/11
PAP Chemistry

• Bell Ringer

• Schedule

1. Turn in any field trip papers and money. We can
   take 2 more students!
2. Pick up the midterm online review paper off the
   front demo table and the Paper Midterm Review
   answer key.

1. Bell Ringer
2. HW Check
3. Nomenclature notes

HOMEWORK Review for your midterm !!!!!
Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the
courage to lose sight of the shore.
I CANsolve chemistry problems by being an
independent, creative thinker.
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Nomenclature

• NOVA Island of Stability.why cant we just
  create new elements?

3
Ions

• Cation A positive ion
• Mg2, NH4
• Anion A negative ion
• Cl-, SO42-
• Ionic Bonding Force of attraction between
  oppositely charged ions.

4
Predicting Ionic Charges
Group 1
Lose 1 electron to form 1 ions
Li
Na
K
5
Predicting Ionic Charges
Group 2
Loses 2 electrons to form 2 ions
Be2
Mg2
Ca2
Ba2
Sr2
6
Predicting Ionic Charges
Group 13
Loses 3 electrons to form 3 ions
B3
Al3
Ga3
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Predicting Ionic Charges
Group 14
Lose 4 electrons or gain 4
electrons?
Neither! Group 14 elements rarely form ions. /-
4
8
Predicting Ionic Charges
Nitride
N3-
Group 15
Gains 3 electrons to form 3- ions
P3-
Phosphide
As3-
Arsenide
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Predicting Ionic Charges
Oxide
O2-
Gains 2 electrons to form 2- ions
Group 16
S2-
Sulfide
Se2-
Selenide
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Predicting Ionic Charges
F1-
Br1-
Fluoride
Bromide
Group 17
Gains 1 electron to form 1- ions
Cl1-
Chloride
I1-
Iodide
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Predicting Ionic Charges
Group 18
Stable Noble gases do not form ions!
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Predicting Ionic Charges
Groups 3 - 12
Many transition elements
have more than one possible oxidation state.
Iron(III) Fe3
Iron(II) Fe2
Copper (I) Cu 1
Copper (II) Cu 2
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Predicting Ionic Charges
Groups 3 - 12
Some transition elements
have only one possible oxidation state.
Zinc Zn2
Silver Ag
Tin ( II) Sn 2
Tin (IV) Sn 4
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Latin names

• You may see the Latin names for Fe, Cu, and Sn
• Iron (II) Ferrous
• Irong (III) Ferric
• Copper (I) Cupprous
• Copper (II) Cuppric
• Tin (II) Stannous
• Tin (IV) Stannic

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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Iron(III) chloride
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
Fe3
Cl-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
3
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using
subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than
one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Aluminum sulfide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
Al3
S2-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
2
3
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using
subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than
one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Barium nitrate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
Ba2
NO3-
( )
2
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using
subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than
one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Ammonium sulfate
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
( )
NH4
SO42-
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
2
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using
subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than
one of a polyatomic ion.
Not balanced!
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Magnesium carbonate
Mg2
CO32-
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
They are balanced!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Zinc hydroxide
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
( )
Zn2
OH-
2
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
Not balanced!
3. Balance charges , if necessary, using
subscripts. Use parentheses if you need more than
one of a polyatomic ion.
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Writing Ionic Compound Formulas
Example Aluminum phosphate
Al3
PO43-
1. Write the formulas for the cation and anion,
including CHARGES!
They ARE balanced!
2. Check to see if charges are balanced.
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Naming Ionic Compounds

• 1. Cation first, then anion
• 2. Monatomic cation name of the element
• Ca2 calcium ion
• 3. Monatomic anion root -ide
• Cl- chloride
• CaCl2 calcium chloride

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Naming Ionic Compounds(continued)
Metals with multiple oxidation states

• - some metal forms more than one cation
• - use Roman numeral in name
• PbCl2
• Pb2 is cation
• PbCl2 lead(II) chloride

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Naming Binary (Covalent) Compounds

• - Compounds between two nonmetals
• - First element in the formula is named first.
• - Second element is named as if it were an anion.
• - Use prefixes
• - Only use mono on second element -

P2O5
diphosphorus pentoxide
CO2
carbon dioxide
CO
carbon monoxide
N2O
dinitrogen monoxide
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Prefixes

• 1 - mon(o)
• 2 - di
• 3 - tri
• 4 - tetr(a)
• 5 - pent(a)
• 6 - hex(a)
• 7 - hept(a)
• 8 - oct(a)
• 9 - non(a)
• 10 - dec(a)

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C. Molecular Nomenclature

• CCl4
• N2O
• SF6

• carbon tetrachloride

• dinitrogen monoxide

• sulfur hexafluoride

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C. Molecular Nomenclature

• arsenic trichloride
• dinitrogen pentoxide
• tetraphosphorus decoxide

• AsCl3

• N2O5

• P4O10

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Common Acids you SHOULD know

• HCl Hydrochloric acid
• HBr Hydrobromic acid
• HNO3 Nitric Acid
• HClO3 Chloric Acid
• HClO4 Perchloric Acid
• H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid
• H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid
• HC2H3O2 Acetic Acid (5 Acetic Acid is also
• 
  known as Vinegar)