1
?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????
??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????
???????? ???????? Food Processing by High
Pressure, Microwave Heating, Ohmic Heating, and
Continuous Thermal Processing ?.?/???? ????
???   ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?
??????? ?????? ????? ????
     
2
?????

• ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????
  ?????????????? ?????? (High Pressure Processing,
  HPP) ? ??????? ????????????(Microwave Heating,
  MH) ? ??????? ?????? (Ohmic Heating, OH) ??
  ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ? ???????
  ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ??????? (Continuous Thermal Processing) ???? ??
  ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????
  ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ?
  ??????? ???????.
• ? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????
  ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????.

3
(1) ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????High Pressure
Processing (HPP)

• ??????? ?????? ?????? (?? ????? ???????????????
  ??????) ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
  ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????
  ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????
  ?????? ? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????
  ???????? ? ????? ???? ????????.
• ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? (400 ??? 600 ????
  ?????? ?? 05800 ??? 87000 ??? ?????? ???????) ???
  ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? 6 ??? 45 ??
  ? ???? ?? ???? 2 ??? 10 ?????.
• ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
  ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ???????.

4

• ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????
  ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????
  ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????
  ?? ???? ?????.
• ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????
  ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???
  ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????
  ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????.? ???
  ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????
  ??? ????? ??????.

5

• ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ???? ??? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ????? ...???.
• ??????? (1.1) ? (1.2) ? (1.3) ???? ????? ????
  ??????? ?????? ??????.
• ??? (1.1). ??? ?????? ????? ???????????????
  ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????.

6

• ??? (1.2).?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ??????-??????.

7

• ??? (1.3).???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
  ??????????????? ??????.

8

• ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????????
  ?????? ???? ?? ???
• (?) ??????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?
  ??????? ??? ?????
• 1- ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? 2-
  ??????? 3- ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ????????
  ??????? 4- ??????? ??????? ????? ?
  ???????????(???? ?????????) ? ????? ? ???????? ?
  ????? 5- ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?
  ???????? ? ????????? 6- ?????????
• (?) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
  ????
• 1- ?????? ??????? 2- ????? ??????? 3- ????????
  ???????? ??????
• ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??????????????? ??????
• 1- ????? 2- ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???
  ??????? ???????? ????????? 3- ??????? ??? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???????
  ???????.

9

• ???? ??? (1.4) ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ????? ??????????????? ??????.
• ??? (1.4). ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ??????????????? ??????.

10

• ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????????
  ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?
  ????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ????????
  ???????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ??
  ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????.
• ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????
  ??????
• ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ??
  ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???
  ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  (HACCP) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????
  ????????? (FDA) ? ???? ????? ????? ?????????
  ???????? ???????? ????? 5log . ????? (5log????)
  ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????
  ????????? ? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????????
  ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????????
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????
  ? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?
  ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? .

11

• ???? (1.1). ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????.

12

• ??? (1.5). ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ?
  ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????
  ?????????????

13

• ??? (1.6). ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???
  ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?????

14

• ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ? ????? ????
  ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????
  ??????????????? ??????
• ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????
  ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????
  ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? (1.7)
  ??? (1.10) ?????.
• ??? (1.7). ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ???
  ??????? ? ? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ????
  ???????? ???????.

15

• ??? (1.8). ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????
  ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? 85 ??
  ??????? ? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? 4 ?? ???? 20
  ????? ?????? ???????? ??? 40 ?? ????????? ???
  ?????? ???????.

16

• ??? (1.9). ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????????
  ????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ??????????????? ??????.

17

• ??? (1.10).????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ??????
  (?????????????? ??????? ???????) ????? ???????
  ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????????
  ??????.

18

• ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????
• ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????
  ???? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ????? ? ???????????
  ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????.?
  ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????????.
• ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????
  ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????.? ??? ????
  ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ???
  ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????
  ?????? ?????.
• ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????????
  ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??
  ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
  ? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ??????
  ???????? ?????????? .

19
(2) ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????
???????Microwave Heating in Food Processing

• ??????????? (??????? ???????) ?? ????? ?? ?????
  ????????????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ????(Frequency)
  ?? ????? ?? 300 ????????? (MHZ) ??? 300 ????
  ????? (GHZ).??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????
  (ITU) ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ???????????
• 2450 ????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???
  ???????.
• 970 ????????? ? 915 ????????? ? 897 ?????????
  ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????.
• 22125 ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????
  ??????????.

20

• ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????
  ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????????
  ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? (Magnetron) . ?????
  ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??
  ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????.? ????
  ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????
  ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????.?
  ???? ??? (2.1) ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
  ??????????? ? ?? ???? ??????????? (Magnitron) ?
  ???? ???????? ??????? (High Voltage Transformer)
  ? ???? (Capacitor) ? ???? ????? (??????) (Diode)
  ? ????? (Cavity Lamp) ?????? ????? ??????
  (Blower) ? ???? ????? ????? (Timer and
  Controller) .

21
??? (2.1). ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
???????????.
22

• ??? ????? ? ?????????? ? ???????????? ???
  ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ??????????? .?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?
  ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????
  ????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????
  ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????.
• ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????????
  ?????????? ??????.??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????
  ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???????????.
  ? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ?? 600 ??? 1500 ??? ????? ??? ??
  ????????? ???????? ??? 50 ? ??? .

23
??? ??????? ????????????

• ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????
  ?? ???? ???????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????
  ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ??
  ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ? ???????
  ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????
  ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???
  ?????? ?? ???? ???????.??? ?? ???? ???????????
  ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?????
  ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???????????
  ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????
  ??? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????.

24

• ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????
  ??????????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????????
  (Photons) ?? ?????? (Quanta) ??? ????? ?? ?????
  ????? ??? ??? ???????. ? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????
  ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??
  ?????? ????????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????
  ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ??????
  ???????????????.???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????
  ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????
  ???????????? ?????.???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????
  ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????????? ? ????????
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??
  ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.

25

• ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? (Cp) ?????? ??
  ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ????
  ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????
  ??? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????.???
  ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??
  ?????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??
  ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ? ? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????.

26

• ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
  ???. ?? ?????? ??????? (???? ?????) ???? ??????
  ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????
  ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???
  ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ?? ??????
  ??????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????
  ??? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ??
  ???????.??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? (?????) ??????
  ????? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????
  ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????????. ?
  ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????
  ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????.
• ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????
  ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ????
  ?? ??? (2.2). ???? ??????? ???????????? ????
  ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????
  ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????
  ?? ??????.

27
??? (2.2).?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????
(??????? ??????) ???????? ???????? (???????
?????).
28
??? (2.3).?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????
29

• ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??
  ???? ?? ??? (2.3) ?????.?????? ?????? ???? ?????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???
  ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????
  ??? ??? ??????.??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????
  ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???
  ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????
  ??? ????? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???
  ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
  ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??
  ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????.

30
??? (2.4).?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????
31
???? ????? ??????? Dielectric Properties of Food

• ???? ?????? (Dielectric Constant) ?? ??? ??????
  ??????? ?????????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??
  ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????.??? ????
  ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????. ??????
  ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????????
  ?? ????? ??? ?????? (Dielectric loss factor)
  .???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???
  ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??
  ?????? ???????????????.??? ????? ?? ????
  ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????
  ?????? ? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ???
  ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????? ?????
  ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ???????.

32
?????? ???????? ? ???????? ??????? ? ???????
?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????????

• ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????
  ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?
  ?????? ????? ??????? ??
• 1- ??????? ???????
• ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????
  ????????????.
• 2- ????? ??????? ??????? (???????? ????????)
• 3- ?????
• ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??
  ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????
  ????????????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
  ??????? ???????????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????????.
• 4- ????? ?????
• ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????
  ????? ??? ??????. ? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????
  ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ????.

33

• 5- ???? ???????
• ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?
  ???? ???????. ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
  ? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????. ? ?? ????
  ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
  ????? ?????????.
• 6- ???? ??????
• 7- ???????? ????????
• 8- ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????
• 9-?????? ?????? ????????

34
??????? ??????? ????????????

• ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??
  ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????
• (1) ????? ??????? ??????? (Tempering)
• ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??
  ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????
  ????? ?? ?????? -4 ??? -2 ( ?).
• (2) ????? ??????? (Food Drying)
• ???? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????
  ???????????? ???????? ????????.??? ????? ???????
  ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????????????
  ???????? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?
  ????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ???????? ??????? ?
  ???????.
• (3) ????? (Cooking)
• (4) ????? ???? ????????? (Enzyme Inactivation)
• ?????? ????? ??????? ??????.

35

• (5) ????? ????? (Baking)
• (6) ??????? ???????? (Pasturization and
  Sterilization)
• ? ???? ????? (2.5) ????? ??? ??? ??????????
  ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????
  ????????.

36
??? (2.5).????? ????? ?????? ????????????
37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(3) ??????? ??????Ohmic Heating
 

• ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????
  ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????
  ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????
  ??????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????
  ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????.? ????
  ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

41
??? (3.1). ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? 1-????
???? ??????? ????? (AC power supply) 2- ???????
(???) (Electrode) 3- ????? ???? (Insulator tube)
4- ?????? ???????? (Food)
42

• ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
  ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????
  ??????.???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???
  ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????
  ?????? ??????.? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
  ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?
  ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????
  ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????
  ????? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
  ?????? ?????? ???????.? ???? ???? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? (pHlt4.5)
  ?????? ????? ??? ??? 90-95 ( ? ?) ????? 30 ??? 90
  ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ? ???????? ????????
  ??????? ?????? ( ????????? ????????? ????????
  ????? ? ?????? ??????????????).??? ???????
  ?????? ???????? (pHgt4.5) ????? ?? ???? ???
  ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ???
  ???? ??????????? ?????? (pH) ? ?????? ??????
  ????? ????? ??????? ??? 121 ( ? ?) ????? 3 ?????
  ??? ???? ( ???????? Lethality F0 3 min ) ? ?????
  ????? ?? ??????? ????? 12 ??????? ?????? (12D
  colony reduction) .

43

• ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????
  ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????
  ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????
  ????? ??? ???? ???? ( ??? ???????? ???????? ???
  ??? ??? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????) ?
  ??????? ????? ????? . ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????
  ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????
  ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???
  ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
  ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ( ? ?? ?? ????
  ??????? ???????) ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????
  ????? ?????? ???????. ? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ???
  ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?
  ???? ? ????? (HTST)? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
  ????? ??? 80 ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???
  129 (?) ?? ????? 90 ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????
  (?????? ?????? ? ????????). ???? ??? ???
  ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?
  ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
  ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
  ????? ??????? (Heating Inversion) ? ? ?? ?????
  ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????.

44
????? ??????? ??????

• ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??
  ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????
  ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????. ?
  ???? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ???
• (1) ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????
  ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ???
  ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
• (2) ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????
  ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?
  ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????
  ????????.
• (3) ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????
  ? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??
  ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ????????
  ???????? ? ???????????.
• (4) ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????
  90 ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????.
• (5) ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?
  ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ??????.
• (6) ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??
  ??????? ??????.

45
??? (3.2). ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
46
(4) ???????? ???????? ????????Continuous-Flow
Heat Processing

• ??? ???????? ???????? ????????
• ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
  ??????? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? (Thermal
  Heat-Hold-Cool Process) . ???? ?? ??????
  ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? (???) ????? ???? ???
  ????????? ???????? (??????? ?????????? ????
  ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?
  ??????? ??????? ??????? (????? ??????)) ??? ???
  ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ?? ?? ?????????
  ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?? ?? ???????
  ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ? ???? ????????
  ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???
  ??????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????
  ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???
  ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??
  ???????? ???????.

47

• ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
  ???????? ???????? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ????
  ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? (HTST) ???
  ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???????
  (UHT) ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ? ??
  ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? 140 ??? 150 ( ? ?)
  ?????? ????? ??????? 125 ( ? ?) ? ?? ??????
  ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????
  ??????? ? ???????? ???????. ????? ???? ???
  ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ??????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????
  ?????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ???
  ?????? ?????? ? ????????, ? ???? ????? (4.1)
  ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ???
  ???????) ? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
  ?????????.

48

• ? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????
  ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????
  ????????? ??????.??? ????? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?
  ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????
  ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????
  ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???
  ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????
  ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????
  ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ????
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.

49
??? (4.1). ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? (???????
???????? ??? ???????) ? ??????? ??????? ???????
????????? ?????????.
50
????? ??????? ???????

• ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????
  ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????
  ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????
  ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????.???? ???? ???? ????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????
  ????????????? ??? ???
• 
  (4.1)
• 
  
• 
  (4.2)
• ???
• N ??? ???????? ???????? ? C ????? ??????
  ???????????? ? t ????? ?
• k ???? ???? ???????

51

• ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????? (4.1) ?
  (4.2) ????? ??????? ???????
• 
  (4.3)
• 
  
• 
  (4.4)
• ???
• N ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? t ? C ?????
  ?????? ???????????? ??? ????? t
• ? N0 ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????
  t0 ? C0 ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????
  ??? ????? t0? D ??? ??????? ??????

52

• ??? ??????? ?????? D ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
  ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????
  ?????? ????? 10 ( ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
  ??????????). ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????
  ???? ????? D ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????.
• ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????
  D ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???
  ????? ??????? ???????? (???????) ?????? Z ?
  ????? ???????? (Arrhenius Model) .

53

• ????? ?????? Z ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????
• 
  (4.5)
• ???
• D1 ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? q1
• D2 ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? q2
• Z ???? Z ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????
  ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? D ?????? ????? 10.
• ??? ????? ?????? ????????
• 
  
  (4.6)
• ???
• k ???? ???? ???????
• A ????
• Ea ???? ???????
• R ???? ????? ?????

54

• ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? Z ??????? ????????
  ???????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ?????
  ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???
  ???????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ??????. ??????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????
  ????? ???? D ? Z ?????? ?? ???????? ????????
  ?????????? ? ??? k ? Ea ? A ????? ?? ???????
  ???????? ?????????????.

55
??? (4.2). ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??
?????? ????? ?????? ???????
56
(No Transcript)