Human Geography

1
Human Geography

• Chapter 5

2
Studying Populations

• Demography
• Statistical study of human populations
• Population Density an average
• Expressed as persons/mi² or persons/km²
• As an average, it does not reflect where
  populations are clustered

3
Studying Populations

• Population Distribution where people are
  clustered, settled
• -- About 90 in Northern Hemisphere
• --Four areas of great population clusters
• ---East Asia
• ---South Asia
• ---Europe
• ---Eastern North America

4
4 Worlds Great Population Clusters
Europe
East Asia
E. N. America
South Asia
5
Studying Populations

• Population Distribution, cont.
• --Favorable mild climates, fertile soils, fresh
  water
• --Unfavorable deserts, rugged mountains, polar
  regions

6
Studying Populations

• Population Change
• - Birthrate Births/1000 people
• - Death rate Deaths/1000 people
• - Migration
• -- Emigration/Immigration
• --- Push/Pull Factors
• ---Economic motivation 1 reason
• -- Refugees
• ---Flee political unrest and war

7
Studying Populations

• Natural Increase
• - Birthrate Death rate expressed as a
  percentage, e.g. 3 increase
• - Rule of 72
• - Developed v. Developing countries
• --- lt1 v. 3 or more

8
World Population Trends
A. D. 1
1600
1850
1930
1975
600 mil.
1.2 bil.
2 billion
4 billion
300 mil.
2000 6 billion
9
Demographic Transition
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Birthrate
40
30
20
per 1000/ year
Death rate
10
0
10
World Population Trends

• Population Projections
• The farther onto the future a projection is made,
  the less reliable it is.

11
Cultural Geography

• Studying Culture
• - Culture Traits activities and
  behaviors (shaped by values)
• - Culture Regions area in which people have
  many shared culture traits
• -- ethnic group human population with
  shared culture or ancestry
• -- Intl. borders sometimes divide culture groups
• -- Culture groups may include several countries

12
Culture
Language
Ethics
Values
Religion
Level of Technology
13
Culture Change

• Migration, war, and trade
• Acculturation
• Individual or group adopts some traits of another
  culture
• -- Immigrants
• Assimilation
• Immigrant group adopts all features of dominant
  culture

14
Culture Change

• Innovation New ideas that a culture accepts
  (home-grown)
• Diffusion Idea or innovation spreads
• - Expansion innovation spreads within culture
• - Relocation migration takes/brings new idea
  to new culture
• - Hierarchical from greater
  size/influence to lesser

15
Culture Change

• Globalization
• Picture on p.97
• OPTIC

16
Globalization v. Traditionalism

• Globalization The process in which connections
  around the world increase and cultures become
  more alike
• Most globalized cultural traits have their
  origins in the United States

17
Globalization v. Traditionalism

• Traditionalism Following longtime practices and
  opposing many modern technologies and ideas
• Contributes to cultural divergence
• Increasing religious fundamentalism is reaction
  to globalization (radical Islam, Hinduism, etc.)

18
Geography and History

• Using the text on p. 99, answer the following
  writing prompt
• To what extent is geography and history
  interrelated?

19
Language

• Main means of communication
• Generations pass on skills, customs, traditions,
  rituals, celebrations
• Cultural diffusion
• - accelerated within language
• - acts as barrier to outside culture
• Spatial characteristics
• English lingua franca of global commerce

20
Religion

• Binds societies together and gives meaning to
  life
• Three main types
• - Ethnic
• -- Japan Shinto
• -- Judaism
• - Animist Usually polytheistic
• -- Usually practiced by tribal or primitive
  peoples

21
Religion

• Three main types, cont.
• - Universalizing Usually monotheistic
• -- Christianity, Islam
• -- spread by missionaries
• -- ultimate goal world domination

22
Religion

• Mapping the diffusion of Buddhism
• Using the text at the top of p. 106 to map the
  spread of Buddhism throughout Eastern and
  Southeastern Asia