French and Indian War

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French and Indian War

• 1754 - 1763

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Standards

• SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary
  causes of the American Revolution.
• a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial
  competition as seen in the French-Indian War, and
  the 1763 Treaty of Paris, laid the groundwork for
  the American Revolution.

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Essential Questions

• Why was winning the French and Indian War the
  beginning of conflict for the British and the
  colonists? (USH3a)
• 2. Why did the British and the colonists have
  different goals following the Treaty of Paris
  1763?

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Seven Years war

• The French and Indian war was an extension of the
  7 years war being fought in Europe

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Why was the war fought?

• What were the motives of the French in the
  colonies?
• What were the motives of the British in the
  colonies?
• Why were these motives contradictory of one
  another?

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Both sides claim the same land

• France argues that they had discovered the
  Mississippi river and therefore, the Ohio river
  which is a tributary of the Miss. Belongs to
  them as well as all of the Ohio River valley
• The British argue that all land east of the
  Mississippi belongs to Great Britain

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First Events of the war

• Washington was sent by the British (he was a
  colonial army officer) to negotiate boundaries so
  that the dispute would be settled.
• As Washington approaches Ft. Duquense, he is
  fired upon and subsequently retreats to Fort
  Necessity National Battlefield (U.S. National
  Park Service)

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Battle of Ft. Necessity

• Washington was able to negotiate a surrender so
  that his men may not suffer at the hands of the
  Indians and he and his men were allowed to
  abandon the fort and retreat to Virginia.

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Fort necessity recreated
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Albany Plan 1754

• Albany Plan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• After the clash at Ft. Necessity, Franklin led
  the colonist at the Albany plan.
• 2 goals
• 1. Get the Iroquois to join the colonial /
  British cause
• 2. Form a Congress to oversee activities of the
  colonies
• Never enacted

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JOIN OR DIE

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join,_or_Die
• Ben Franklin made this political cartoon to urge
  unity among the colonies.

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War overview

• The French and Indian War
• Original Images of the French and Indian War
• http//www.masshist.org/maps/MapsHome/Home.htm

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French and Indian war from USA gov.

• https//history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/fre
  nch-indian-war - State Department version of the
  French and Indian War

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3 Phases of War

• The conflict then proceeded through three phases
  
• The early period of the war saw localized action
  in North America and began with Washington's loss
  at Fort Necessity. Neither side committed much in
  the way of troop strength or resources to the
  effort. Most of the action was confined to
  attempts to capture the opponent's fortified
  positions on the frontier.
• A middle phase began with the declaration of war
  between France and Britain, and touched off the
  first true world war (Seven Years War). The
  North American conflict might well have remained
  a localized affair, but a realignment of European
  alliances ignited new rivalries to add to the
  simmering feud between Britain and France.
• A final phase was highlighted by the British
  decision to concentrate on the North American
  phase of the conflict. The investment of huge
  sums of money and innovative new military talent
  helped to provide the margin of victory.
• From http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h608.html

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Fighting strategy
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1755-1756

• These years were good for the French as the less
  equipped military was able to score victories
  with their guerilla fighting.
• Victories included Fort Oswego, Fort William
  Henry, Fort Duquesne
• Please find the details of these battles for
  homework
• FT. Oswego
• FT William Henry
• FT. Duquesne

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1756 and William Pitt

• 1756 William Pitt becomes brand new prime
  minister of Great Britain
• William Pitt understood the dire circumstances in
  the colonies and pushed Parliament to give more
  funding to the colonial war.
• Parliament agrees, and Britain trains troops to
  defeat guerilla warriors and sends more troops
  into battle

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1757-1763

• The British score multiple victories with key
  victories being Ft. Niagara and then Ft. Quebec.
• Please find the details of these battles for
  homework
• FT. Niagara
• FT. Quebec
• Upon these victories, the Iriquois side with the
  British. Why?

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Treaty of Paris of 1763

• Treaty of Paris (1763) - Wikipedia, the free
  encyclopedia
• The treaty of Paris gives all land east of the
  Mississippi river to the British
• The treaty of Paris allows New Orleans to stay
  under French control
• Spain gives Florida to the British

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