Ch. 10 The Brain 3 Lbs, Texture=Cold Oatmeal

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Ch. 10 The Brain3 Lbs, TextureCold Oatmeal
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What are the 4 Major Parts of the Brain?

• 1) Cerebral Hemispheres
• 2) Diencephalon
• 3) Brain Stem
• 4) Cerebellum

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How is the brain protected?

• Meninges A connective membrane covering the CNS.
• What are the 3 meninges?
• Dura Mater Tough Mother
• Arachnoid Mater Spider Mother, Cerebral Spinal
  Fluid Flows between Arachnoid and Pia Mater
• Pia Mater Gentle Mother

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Diseases of the Meninges.

• Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges caused
  by a bacteria or virus
• Encephalitis Brain Swelling caused by an
  increase in cerebral spinal fluid

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Meningitis- Yellow cloudy meninges to the left.
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Parts of the Brain to know.

• Gyri Elevated ridges
• Sulci Furrows (when you sulk youre down)
• Fissures the deep grooves
• Longitudinal Fissure Separates R L hemispheres
• Lobes Smaller sections of the cerebrum

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What are the 4 lobes of the brain? What do they
do?

• Frontal Lobe concentration and problem solving
• Temporal Lobe interprets remembers visual and
  auditory patterns
• Occipital Lobe visual area
• Parietal Lobe speech, motor, sensations

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The Brain
Brain Dissection
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How do the L R hemispheres work?

• The Left side of the brain controls the Right
  side of the body
• The Right side of the brain controls the Left
  side of the body.
• Dominant Hemisphere 90 Left (Language, Speech,
  Reading, Writing, and Analytical skills)

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Mini-Mini Experiment

• Quickly fold your hand together.
• Which thumb is on top?
• If your left thumb what is the dominant side of
  your brain?

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What are the Cerebral Hemispheres functions?

• Figure 10.13, pg. 259

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The Brain
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What is the job of the cerebellum?

• Coordinates balance and movement
• Like the cerebrum it has two hemispheres

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What is the job of the brain stem?Table 10.1,
pg. 262

• Midbrain Connects the cerebrum to the rest of
  the nervous system
• Pons Control breathing and relays impulses.
• Medulla Oblongata Controls heart rate, bp,
  breathing, swallowing, and vomiting

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Job of the Diencephalon?

• Epithalamus Originates CSF
• Thalamus Relay station for sensory impulses,
  crude touch and temp perception, cognition
  awareness.
• Hypothalamus Autonomic Nervous System,
  Regulates Homeostasis of Temperature, Thirst,
  Metabolism, all basic drives, maintains waking
  state and sleep pattern.
• Pineal gland secretes hormone melatonin sleep

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Where is the Pituitary Gland?

• In the diencephalon
• Master hormone regulator
• Causes hot flashes

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Job of the Cerebellum?

• Coordinates complex skilled movements.
• Posture (How is yours right now?)
• Balance

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Job of the Cerebrum?

• Perceive sensory information
• Control muscular movement
• Integrate functions
• Personality, IQ, Memories
• Basal Ganglia regulates muscle tone
• Limbic system emotions for survival.

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What happens if the Basil Nuclei is
malfunctioning?

• Huntingtons Disease Unable to control muscle
  movement, have jerky movements. May be too much
  dopamine.
• Parkinsons Disease Trouble starting muscle
  movement due to a lack of dopamine.

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What causes Addiction
Addiction Labs and Videos

• .

Alcohols Effect
Anxiety Attacks
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What are some major brain dysfunctions?

• Traumatic Brain injuries
• Concussions Dizzy, loss of short term memory
• Contusions Tissue destruction and comma

Brain Trauma
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More Brain Problems

• Strokes or CUAs 3rd leading cause of death,
  damage can be reversed if an ischemic stroke is
  treated in the first 24 hrs with t-PA.

Various brain DNP
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Alzheimer's Disease Deeping sulci and and
seperated gyri. Causing memory loss, dementia,
sometimes aggression
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Hydrocephalus Note the marked dilation of the
cerebral ventricles. It can be due to lack of
absorption of CSF or due to an obstruction to
flow of CSF. High mortality rate.
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Minor Problem Dyslexia

• Caused when the blood vessels of the brain form
  abnormally. Can cause reading and other reversal
  problems.

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What do other neurons do?

• Mirror Neurons in the Brain

PBS Special 2005 14 minutes On Mirror Neurons