What are modifiers?

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What are modifiers?
Modifiers provide additional information about
nouns, pronouns, and verbs.
Vincent Van Gogh painted quickly and forcefully.
Question answered How did Van Gogh paint?
They help us describe what we have seen and heard.
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What are modifiers?
Modifiers can also help describe feelings about
things and people.
Van Gogh was happiest when he painted outdoors.
Bright, yellow sunflowers were a favorite subject.
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ADJECTIVES
What is an adjective?

• a word that modifies a noun or pronoun (NOT A
  VERB)

• Some adjectives tell how many or what kind about
  the words they modify.

• Some adjectives tell which one or which ones.

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ADJECTIVES
Examples
The older painters disapproved of Van Goghs
style.
He tried new techniques in his first paintings.
Those peasants are in the field.
What are the different types of adjectives?
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Adverbs
What is an adverb?

• modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

• help make meaning clear by telling how, when,
  where, or to what extent something is true

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Adverbs
Look at this list of adverbs
How? When? Where? To What Extent?
carefully quickly hurriedly
sometimes once finally
inside here there
fully very extremely
Notice how adverbs make the sentences clearer.
The door of the tomb opened. Finally, the door of
the tomb slowly opened.
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Adverbs Used with Adjectives or Other Adverbs
Adverbs that tell to what extent can also modify
adjectives and other adverbs.
Frequently Used Adverbs
Very not somewhat more Just nearly so most
The tomb was dark. The tomb was nearly dark.
The guide spoke softly. The guide spoke very
softly.
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Forming Adverbs
Many adverbs are made by adding ly to an
adjective.
Careful ly carefully Easy ly easily (can
be spelling changes)
Some modifiers, like soon, quite, and very, can
be used only as adverbs.
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Adjectives in Comparisons
KEY RULE
Use the comparative form of an adjective to
compare two things. Use the superlative form of
an adjective to compare more than two.
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Adjectives in Comparisons
The Comparative Form
Use the comparative form of the adjective to
compare one thing or person with another thing or
group. The comparative is formed in two ways
1. For short adjectives, such as great or
fierce, add er.
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great er greater fierce er fiercer
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Adjectives in Comparisons
2. For longer adjectives, such as unusual or
remarkable, use more.
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more unusual more remarkable
Most adjectives ending in ful and ous also form
the comparative with more.
more successful more curious
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Adjectives in Comparisons
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The Superlative Form
To compare a thing or a person with more than one
other of its kind, use the superlative form of
the adjective.
Dinosaurs were the largest land animals ever to
live. However, they are not the most ancient
animals. What do you notice about superlatives?
The superlative of an adjective is formed by
adding est or using most.
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Adjectives in Comparisons
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Notice how the adjectives in the chart change
forms according to the rules.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
strong stronger strongest
fast faster fastest
mysterious more mysterious most mysterious
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Adjectives in Comparisons
Tips to Remember

• Do not leave out the word other when you are
  comparing something with everything else of its
  kind.
• Ex Tyrannosaurus rex was more ferocious than
  any dinosaur.
• Tyrannosaurus rex was more ferocious than any
  other dinosaur.

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Adjectives in Comparisons
Tips to Remember

• Do not use both er and more or est and most.
• Ex Dinosaurs are note the most oldest of all
  reptiles.
• Dinosaurs are not the oldest of all reptiles.

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Adjectives in Comparisons
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Irregular Comparisons
Adjective Comparative Superlative good better
best well better best bad worse worst il
l worse worst little less or
lesser least much more most many more mos
t far farther farthest
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Adverbs in Comparison
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KEY RULE
Use the comparative form of an adverb to compare
two actions. Use the superlative form of an
adverb to compare more than two actions.
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Adverbs in Comparison
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The Comparative
1. For short adverbs, such as soon or high, add
er.
The parade entered the big top sooner than we
expected. The lion leaped higher than the tiger.
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Adverbs in Comparison
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The Comparative
2. For most adverbs ending in ly, use more to
make the comparative.
Sara laughed more frequently than Andy. The horse
ran more rapidly around the ring this time than
he had earlier.
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Adverbs in Comparison
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The Superlative
Use the superlative form of the adverb to compare
an action with two or more others of the same
kind.
Of the three horses, that one runs fastest. The
lion roared the most ferociously of all the big
cats.
What do you notice about how superlative adverbs
are formed?
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Adverbs in Comparison
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The Superlative
The superlative of adverbs is formed by adding
est at the end of the adverb or adding most
before the adverb in the sentence.
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Adverbs in Comparison
Keep these points in mind
1. Use the comparative to compare two actions
and the superlative to compare more than two.
2. Do not leave out the word other when you are
comparing one action with every other action of
the same kind.
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Adverbs in Comparison
Keep these points in mind
3. Do not use both er and more or est and most
together.
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Adverbs in Comparison
Lets see what you know
more frequently
1. The romans celebrated holidays (frequently)
than we do.
2. They invented the circus as a form of
celebration, and they clapped (loud) of all for
the most spectacular performances.
loudest
more bitterly
3. Chariot races were (bitterly) contested than
any modern auto race.
fastest
4. The best driver was not the one who raced
(fast).
most quickly
5. He was the one who (quickly) forced other
drivers to crash.