Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200 - 1500 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 20
About This Presentation
Title:

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200 - 1500

Description:

Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200 - 1500 – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:300
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 21
Provided by: mvl1
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200 - 1500


1
Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200 - 1500
2
I. The Rise of the Mongols
  • Steppes and Nomadism
  • A. Nomadism in Central and Inner Asia
  • Impact of nomads
  • Power of khan
  • Role of slaves
  • Importance of tribute
  • Political federations importance of marriage,
    women
  • Females couldnt directly succeed tried to get
    position for sons
  • Families had believers in two or more religions
    Buddhism, Christianity, or Islam
  • Impact of shamanism
  • Religious role played by a khan and Sky/Heaven God

3
  • B. The Mongol Conquests, 1215 1283
  • 1206 Genghis Khan tribute and conquests of
    early 13th century Jin empire is first
  • 1236 grandson Batu - Russia/Eastern Europe
  • 1258 end of Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad
  • Pursuit of territory under Ogodei
  • Mongol Empire united until 1265
  • 1241 death of Ogodei and succession
  • Khubilai declared himself khan in 1265,
    descendents of Jagadai didnt accept him
  • 1271 Khubilai emperor of Yuan Empire (China)
  • 1279 - Yuan destroyed Southern Song
  • 1283 - Invaded Vietnam made them give tribute,
    unsuccessful attacks on Java and Japan
  • Military technology/techniques (future reading)
  • Choices resist and be massacred/starve, or
    surrender and live then contribute soldiers to
    Mongol army

4
  • C. Overland Trade and the Plague
  • Commercial integration affected east and west
  • Silk, porcelain
  • Venetian Marco Polo (1254 1324)
  • BUBONIC PLAGUE in southwestern China since the
    Tang period
  • Spread of plague in China through trade/military
  • Animals infected then people
  • Caravan traffic infected oasis towns
  • Prevented Mongol army from capturing city of
    Kaffa in Crimea in 1346 plague spread to
    Europe/Egypt by ship
  • More diseases (typhus, smallpox, influenza)
    accompanied plague
  • Cause of great pandemic of 1347 1352?

5
II. The Mongols and Islam, 1260 1500
  • A. Mongol Rivalry
  • 1260 IL-KHAN state controlled much of Middle
    East, initially not Muslim
  • Khanate of the GOLDEN HORDE Southern Russia,
    converts to Islam wants to avenge the Abbasid
    Caliphate
  • Cause of conflict between Il-Khan and Golden
    Horde
  • Alliances between Il-Khan/Pope and Mamluks/Golden
    Horde impact on the Crusades
  • Problem solved in 1295 when the Il-khan ruler,
    Ghazan, declared himself a Muslim
  • Mongols practice a blend of Sunni/Shiite
    theology

6
(No Transcript)
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
  • B. Il-Khan political and economic problems
  • Tax farming enterprises funded
  • Causes excess taxation and decline of agriculture
  • Ghazan financial problems, failure to lessen
    tax burden
  • Paper money and depression
  • Fighting among Mongol nobility for revenue
  • Mid 1300s Mongols from Golden Horde moved
    into western Il-khan region
  • New power in the east Khanate of Jagadai
  • Leader Timur launched campaigns into western
    Eurasia, India, and against Ottoman sultan
  • Groundwork of Muslim Mongol-Turkic regime, the
    Mughals in the 1500s

11
  • C. Culture and Science in Islamic Eurasia
  • Accomplishments of historians
  • Juvaini (1283)
  • Rashid al Din first history of the world
  • Ibn Khaldun
  • Science and math accomplishments
  • Shiite scholar Nasir al Din Tusi and Mongol
    interest in Muslim science
  • Math and cosmology
  • Greek/Ptolemaic understanding of universe
  • Nasir al Din proposed model of small circles
    rotating within a large circle moon around the
    earth (borrowed by Copernicus)
  • Under Il khans predicted eclipses, astrolabes,
    three dimensional quadrants
  • Spread of information on astronomy/mathematics
    into Byzantium, Western Europe, India, and China
  • Mathematician Ghiyas al Din Jamshid al Kashi
    and decimal fractions
  • Al Kashi and pi

12
III. Regional Responses in Western Eurasia
  • A. Russia and Rule from Afar
  • Golden Horde and smaller Mongol states
  • Trade routes
  • Role of Orthodox Church
  • Golden Horde got Russian Princes to act as tax
    collectors/census takers which led to currency
    shortages
  • Rise of Russian unity/nationalism
  • Alexander Nevskii, growth of Moscow, decline of
    Kiev/Ukraine
  • Question of Mongol impact on Russian interaction
    with the West
  • Traditional structure of local government
    survived Mongols along with Russian princes,
    competed with each other
  • Tsar Ivan III (Late 15th/early 16th centuries)

13
  • B. New States in Eastern Europe and Anatolia
  • Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II distracted by
    fight with the pope
  • Teutonic Knights start northern crusade
  • More information about Mongols reached Europe
  • Mongol armies international Mongols, Turks,
    Chinese, Iranians, some Europeans
  • Europeans learned about passports, coal mining,
    moveable type, high temperature metallurgy,
    mathematics, gunpowder, casting and use of bronze
    canon
  • Outbreak of plague in 1340s
  • 14th century Lithuania and Balkans experience
    unity/nationalism in response to Mongols
  • Serbian King Stephen Dushan
  • Origins of Ottoman Turks
  • Il-khans influenced eastern Anatolia
  • Decline of Byzantine state and appeal of Muslim
    jihad
  • 1453 - Sultan Mehmet II captured Constantinople
  • Ottomans took advantage of decay of Mongols
    religious/linguistic identity

14
IV. Mongol Domination in China
  • Yuan Empire
  • Synthesis of Mongol Chinese cultures
  • Khubilai Kahn
  • Moves from Karakorum to Beijing
  • Lamas from Tibet become influential
  • Racial ranking Chinese on the bottom
  • Administration- similarities with Il-khan
  • Impact of trade on economy
  • Prestigious merchant class
  • Impact on society
  • Cottage Industry
  • Destruction of agrarian lifestyle
  • Massive population decrease causes?

15
  • Cultural exchange Il-kahn China
  • Medical developments
  • Fall of the Yuan Empire 1340s
  • Mongol princes
  • Zhu Yuanzhang the Ming
  • Return to Mongolia power base established
  • Importance of Mongol identity
  • Tribute to Ming, but only as a facilitator of
    trade
  • Did the Mongols retard or stimulate political
    economic change?

16
V. Early Ming Empire 1368-1500
  • Zhu Yuanzhang Hongwu (r.1368-1398)
  • Nanjing
  • Shift from Buddhism to Confucianism
  • Anti-Mongol ideology
  • Economically unsound
  • Military service
  • Stability recognized Yuan as legitimate rulers
  • Yongle (r. 1403-1424)
  • Return to Yuan practices Beijing, trade,
    aggression
  • Zheng He
  • Achievements
  • Why didnt seafaring become more important?

17
  • Innovation versus advancement
  • Agriculture
  • Peace
  • Japan
  • Metals
  • Shipbuilding
  • Examination system
  • Weaponry
  • Technology gap
  • Achievements
  • Literature
  • Porcelain

18
VI. Centralization and Militarism in East Asia,
1200 - 1500
  • A. Korea
  • Need to choke off sea trade
  • Mongol conflict 1231 1258
  • Koryo/Mongol rule
  • Ended isolationism cultural, scientific,
    agricultural
  • Rise of new landed educated class
  • Loyal to Mongol, Ming forced recognition
  • Yi Kingdom - 1392
  • Rejected Mongol period, yet continued practices
  • Confucianism
  • Advances in technology printing, literacy,
    agriculture
  • Strong defensive navy (gunpowder)

19
  • B. Japan
  • 1274 Mongol invasion
  • Mongol threat unified the decentralized Shogunate
    administrative structure
  • Defensive structure required
  • Movement of resources from east (imperial) to
    west
  • 1281 Second Mongol invasion
  • Again weather intervenes kamikaze
  • Major economic social impact of Mongol threat
    strengthen warrior class, national infrastructure
  • Ashikaga Shogunate 1336
  • Regional independence restored, rise of power of
    warlord
  • Trade resumed following fall of Yuan
  • Shogun Yoshimasa cultural impact, Zen Buddhism
  • Break down of power warlords, Onin War,
    scramble for power 1400s

20
  • C. Vietnam
  • Annam and Champa rivalry
  • Relationship with Tang and Song
  • Mongol required submission tribute, but little
    cultural
  • Ming control for 30 years
  • Mongol threat to Ming
  • By 1500 Annam controlled Champa
  • Key elements of society
  • Confucian administration
  • Distinct Amman legal codes
  • Mahayana Buddhism
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com