The Mongols

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The Mongols

• Barbarians or Men of the People and Trade
  Facilitators?

Barbara Ozuna and Cheryl Mc Callum Paschal High
School, Fort Worth, Texas
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The Rise of the Mongols

• Temujin --gt Chenghis Khan Universal Ruler
• United the Mongols in 1162, Died in 1227
• from the steppes of Asia. Built the Worlds
  Largest land Empire
• Created his new capital at Karakorum

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Mongolian Steppes
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Xinjiang Region Typical Uygher Mongol Yurt
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Wagon-pulled gers made Moving Easier
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Karakorum
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Map of Karakorum
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Mongol Invasions
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Mongol Warriors
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Mongol Archer
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Mongol Warfare
The Advantages of the Bow and the Horse

• Move swiftly
• Ride standing up because of stirrups
• Could attack with bow and arrow from afar
• Faked retreat
• Tied sacks to saddles to add numbers

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The MONGOLS Build Their Empire

• Genghis Khans Tax Laws
• If you do not pay homage, we will take your
  prosperity.
• If you do not have prosperity, we will take your
  children.
• If you do not have children, we will take your
  wife.
• If you do not have a wife, we will take your
  head.
• Used cruelty as a weapon --gt some areas never
  recovered from Mongol destruction!

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Growth of Mongol Empire
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Horses- the key to Mongol Success
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The Other Side of the Mongols

• Although the Mongols have certainly earned their
  barbaric reputation, the Mongols also patronized
  artisans.
• The Mongols often offered artisans special
  privileges. For example, after invading
  Samarkand, Ghengis Kahn ordered all artisans
  spared
• Artisans also did not have to pay Corvée taxes

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Gold Saddle Arch Mongols, 13c
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Gold Saddle, Front View Mongols, 13c
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Silk Screen painting of a Mongol Noble, late 13c
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Robe of a Mongol Nobleman, early 14c
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Yuan Golden Bowl, 13c
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Yuan Porcelains Ceramics
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Trade Routes Under the Mongols
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The Pax Mongolica

• Mongols Trade Facilitators?

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Increase in Trade during Mongol Rule
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People traveled as well as goods

• Marco Polo
• A Venetian merchantTraveled through YuanChina
  1271-1295
• Black Stones coal
• Gunpowder
• Noodles

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Marco Polos Travels
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But so did Disease

• The Black Plague spread from China to Europe in
  the mid-14c.

Bulbous
Septicemia Formalmost 100 mortality rate.
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Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)

• Ming Treasure Fleet
• Each ship 400 long 160 wide
• Chinas Columbus? ?

1371-1435
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Admiral Zheng Hes Voyages

• First Voyage 1405-1407 62 ships 27,800 men.
• Second Voyage 1407-1409 Ho didnt go on this
  trip.
• Third Voyage 1409-1411 48 ships 30,000 men.
• Fourth Voyage 1413-1415 63 ships 28,500 men.
• Fifth Voyage 1417-1419
• Sixth Voyage 1421-1422
• Emperor Zhu Gaozhi cancelled future trips and
  ordered ship builders and sailors to stop work.
• Seventh Voyage 1431-1433
• Emperor Zhu Zhanji resumed the voyages in 1430 to
  restore peaceful relations with Malacca Siam
• 100 ships and 27,500 men Cheng Ho died on the
  return trip.

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Some Websites to Visit

• http//afe.easia.columbia.edu/- Specific unit on
  the Mongols impact on Asia
• http//worldhistoryforusall.sdsu.edu/dev/default.h
  tm Big History units. Mongols are discussed in
  Unit 5.
• http//depts.washington.edu/silkroad/ Offers a
  wealth of information on various aspects of the
  silkroads.