The Present Subjunctive

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The Present Subjunctive
2
The Subjunctive

• Up to now you have been using verbs in the
  indicative mood, which is used to talk about
  facts or actual events.

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The Subjunctive

• Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

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The Subjunctive

• Spanish has another way of using verbs called the
  subjunctive mood.

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The Subjunctive

• We use it to say what one person does or doesnt
  want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to
  do.

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The Subjunctive

• A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has
  two parts connected by the word que.
• For example

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The Subjunctive

• Quiero que tú respires lentamente.
• I want you to breathe slowly.

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The Subjunctive

• Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
• I suggest that you drink water before running.

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The Subjunctive

• El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los
  músculos.
• The trainer demands that the athletes stretch
  their muscles.

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The Subjunctive

• You can also suggest more general or impersonal
  ideas using expressions such as es necesarioes
  buenoand es importante, followed by que and a
  form of the present subjunctive.

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The Subjunctive

• Es necesario que hagas ejercicio.
• Its necessary that you do exercise.
• Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien.
• Its important that the young people eat well.

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The Subjunctive

• Note that the subjunctive sentences have two
  parts, each with a different subject, connected
  by the word que

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2 Clauses

• Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject gt
Verb
Separated by the word que
Dependent clause (cant stand on its own)Begins
with the word que.
Subjunctive Verb
Indicative Verb
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The Subjunctive

• The first subject uses the present indicative
  verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition,
  and so on) que and the second subject uses the
  present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

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The Subjunctive

• Verbs that are often follewed by que
  subjunctive
• Decir
• Insistir en
• Necesitar
• Permitir
• Preferir (e gt ie)

• Prohibir
• Querer (e gt ie)
• Recomendar (e gt ie)
• Sugerir (e gt ie)

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The Subjunctive

• We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the
  same way we form negative tú commands.

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The Subjunctive

• We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo
  form and add the subjunctive endings.

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The Subjunctive

• For -ar verbs
• e, es, e, emos, éis, en
• For -er/-ir verbs
• a, as, a, amos, áis, an

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SALTAR to jump

• salte
• saltes
• salte

• saltemos
• saltéis
• salten

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CONOCER to know

• conozca
• conozcas
• conozca

• conozcamos
• conozcáis
• conozcan

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DECIR to say/tell

• diga
• digas
• diga

• digamos
• digáis
• digan

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The Subjunctive

• The present subjunctive has the same spelling
  changes and irregular yo form changes used with
  the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add
  a g to the stem in the present-tense yo form
  also have a g in the present subjunctive.

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• caerse
• decir
• hacer
• poner
• salir

• tener
• traer

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer
hag-o
haga
tener
teng-o
tenga
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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

• Also verbs ending in car, -gar, and zar have a
  spell change in order to maintain the original
  sound.

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Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar
busco
busque
pagar
pago
pague
cruzar
cruzo
cruce