So far we have talked about tenses of verbs

1
So far we have talked about tenses of verbs.
Verbs also have MOODS..
2
the indicative moodthe imperative moodthe
subjunctive mood
facts
commands
not facts
3

• Present subjunctive
• Stem e ending (1st conjugation)
• Stem a ending (2nd-4th conjugation)
• Imperfect Subjunctive
• Infinitive ending

4
What are these??

• dormiret videam
• portem traheremus
• sederes ament
• vocarent curreret
• scribam dicam

5
What is a purpose clause?How do we spot one in
English? How is a purpose clause formed in
Latin?
6

• A purpose clause describes why someone did
  something, or the purpose for which they did it
• Purpose clause ut subjunctive
• E.g. Cicero processit ut diceret
• Cicero advanced in order that he might speak
• Can you think of a more natural way of
  translating this sentence?

7

• Cicero processit ut diceret
• Literal translation Cicero advanced in order
  that he might speak
• Alternative translations
• Cicero advanced
• .so that he might speak
• .in order to speak
• .so as to speak .to speak

8
Sequence of tenses

• We are hurrying (present tense verb) so that we
  may help (present subjunctive) you
• We hurried (past tense verb) so that we might
  help (imperfect subjunctive) you.

9

1. pueri in via manebant ut pugnam spectarent.
2. Romam eo ut fratrem videam.
3. servus diu laboravit ut dominum servaret.
4. femina totum diem laborat ut puellae cibum
   habeant.

10
ne.

• ne is used as the negative of ut in purpose
  clauses
• festinamus ne sero adveniamus
• we are hurry so that we may not arrive late
• we are hurrying so as not to arrive late
• we are hurrying lest we arrive late

11

1. servus diligenter laboravit ut templum
   aedificaret.
2. pueri Romam veniunt ut libros emant.
3. in villa manebam ut puellae cenam optimam
   pararent.
4. femina festinat ne sero adveniat.
5. tacebam ne fur me audiret.