Notes from Chapter 5

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Notes from Chapter 5

• Psychology

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Meditation

• Method people use to try to narrow their
  consciousness so that the stresses of the outside
  world fade away.

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Meditation

• Part of some religious rituals
• Helps people relax
• Helps lower Blood Pressure rate, heart rate, and
  respiration rate

4
Biofeedback

• System that provides, or feedsback,
  information about something happening in the body.

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Biofeedback

• People can control body functions (i.e. heart
  rate)
• Produce alpha waves (relaxed) to cope with
  tension
• People have learned to treat tension headaches,
  lower heart rate, and blood pressure.

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Hypnosis

• Altered State of consciousness during which
  people respond to suggestions and behave as
  though they are in a trance.

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Hypnosis

• Some psychologists wonder whether hypnosis truly
  is an altered state of consciousness for the
  following reasons
• Some of the same effects achieved by hypnosis can
  also occur without hypnosis.
• Brain wave patterns (EEG) show the same pattern
  as people who are awake.

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Franz Mesmer.
Coined the phrase, Mezmerize in the 1700s by
using Magnets to cure His patients of unwanted
aliments.
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Hypnotism today.

• Can be used as an anesthetic, in surgery.
• Used to reduce anxiety, manage pain, or overcome
  fear.

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Drugs and Consciousness
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Addiction

• In reference to drugs, an addiction means that
  after a person takes that drug for a while,
  his/her body craves it just to feel normal.
• Alcohol, Nicotine, and other drugs are addictive.

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vQYlwSepW7Bs

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Drugs

• Distort peoples perceptions, change their moods,
  or cause them to see or hear things that are not
  real.

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Depressants

• Slows the activity of the nervous system
• Alcohol
• Small amounts may have little effect or may be
  relaxing
• Large quantities- Lethal, or put people to sleep.
• Intoxication- Drunkenness. Slurring of speech,
  blurred vision, clumsy, and difficult to
  concentrate. People may not realize they are
  intoxicated.

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Depressants

• Regular consumption of alcohol can lead to
  addiction. Withdrawal symptoms of an alcoholic
  are tension and trembling.

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Depressants

• Narcotics- addictive depressants that have been
  used to relieve pain and induce sleep. (Many
  derived from opium plant)
• Morphine- Civil war, Soldiers disease was an
  addiction to Morphine.
• Heroin- Heroic feelings of pleasure to deep
  depression. Impairs judgment/memory causes
  drowsiness, can lead to loss of consciousness,
  coma, and death.
• Codeine

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Depressants

• Withdrawal symptoms of Narcotics are
• Tremors
• Cramps
• Chills
• Rapid Heartbeat
• Insomnia
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea

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Stimulants

• Increase the activity of the nervous system.
  Speed up the heart and breathing rate.
  Stimulants include
• Nicotine
• Amphetamines
• Cocaine

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Stimulants

• Nicotine
• Found in tobacco leaves
• Releases the hormone adrenaline
• Heart rate goes up
• Raises rate body changes food to energy
• Smokers dont quit because of fear of gaining
  weight
• Addictive as heroin
• Associated with serious health risks

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Stimulants

• Health risks for smokers
• 10 x likely to die of lung cancer
• Heart disease
• Respiratory diseases
• Premature babies
• Second hand smoke for other non smokers

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Stimulants

• Amphetamines are known for helping people stay
  awake and for reducing appetite.
• First used in WWII to help soldiers stay awake
  during battle.
• Speed Uppers- pleasure in high doses
• Given through pills and injections

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Stimulants

• Amphetamines side effects
• May stay awake for days/usually crash after
  that high.
• High doses, insomnia, loss of appetite,
  irritability
• Can experience hallucinations.
• Can experience delusions.

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Stimulants

• Hallucination- a perception of a object or a
  sound that seems real, but is not.
• For example, someone seeing thousands of bugs
  crawling on them.

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Stimulants

• Delusions- false idea that seems real.
• For example thinking you can fly.

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Stimulants

• Cocaine-
• From leaves of the cocoa plant
• Produces feelings of pleasure, reduces hunger,
  deadens pain, boosts self confidence.
• Physically
• Blood pressure increases
• Oxygen supplies decrease
• Speed up heart rate

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Stimulants

• Cocaine is addictive and dangerous.
• Freud first praised cocaine then realized
  addiction and the danger of the drug.
• Crack is a form of cocaine. Overdoses and
  stronger form, but impure.

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Faces of Meth

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vg_NZuCXofHY

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Hallucinogens

• Drugs that produces hallucinations, that may
  cause relaxation or feelings of pleasure, could
  cause panic.
• Marijuana- from the leaves of the cannabis sativa
  plant
• Feelings of relaxation and mild hallucinations
• Hash comes from the sticky part of the plant.
  (stronger then marijuana)

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Hallucinogens

• Marijuana-impairs perception/coordination making
  it difficult to operate machines (cars).
• Anxiety and confusion
• Threat to people with high blood pressure
• Effect on consciousness
• Time is passing by slowly
• Increased bodily sensations
• Visual hallucinations (fear of losing yourselves)

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Hallucinogens

• LSD- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
• Nickname Acid
• Intense hallucinations
• Sometimes makes the user believe they have
  expanded their consciousness, believe they have
  achieved great insights
• Effects are unpredictable people injure
  themselves and commit suicide.

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Soldiers on LSD

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vCF8cjIlvgv0

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Hallucinogens

• Effects of LSD
• Memory loss
• Violent outbursts
• Nightmares
• Feelings of panic
• Flashbacks
• These are hallucinations that happen weeks,
  months, or years after taking the drug.

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Woodstock Trips

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vGV0AAF17LsI

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Treatments for Drug Abuse

• Detoxification- removal of the harmful substance
  from the body, weaning addicts from the drug
  while restoring their health.
• Most commonly used with people addicted to
  alcohol and narcotics.

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Treatments for Drug Abuse

• Maintenance Programs- (narcotics users)
• Given controlled and less dangerous amounts of
  the drug or some less addictive substance.
• Controversial because users never become
  completely drug free.

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Treatments for Drug Abuse

• Counseling- individual or group. Stimulant and
  depressant abuse

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Treatments for Drug Abuse

• Support groups- several people who share common
  experiences, concerns, or problems. Emotional and
  moral support.