Speaking Skill by Kathleen M. Bailey

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Speaking Skill by Kathleen M. Bailey

• Lecture 24

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Review of the last lecture on LS

• Historically, learning a foreign language meant
  learning to read and write.
• Listening was virtually ignored
• Charles Berlitz promoted the teaching of
  listening skills comprehension and the idea that
  new teaching points should be introduced orally.
• After World War II the audio-lingual method came
  to dominate foreign language teaching. Language
  labs
• We emphasized on listening skill as an active,
  purposeful process.
• It involved processing information based on both
  overall top down schema and the bottom-up
  building blocks of language such as vocabulary
  and grammar.Pre-listening is suggested as ways
  to integrate a learners processing.Exposing
  learners to variety of tasks and different types
  of listening is helpful

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Speaking Skill by Kathleen M. Bailey

• Road Map for lectures on Speaking Skills
• Identify the levels of spoken language and
  explain their relationship.
• Explain the main differences between the audio-
  lingual method and communicative language
  teaching.
• Describe some differences between spoken
  language and written language
• Demonstrate familiarity with all the techniques
  given in these lecturers.

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1. What is Speaking Skill ?

• People feel that speaking in a new language is
  harder than reading, writing and listening for
  two reasons
• i) Unlike Reading or Writing, speaking
  happens in real time
• ii) When we speak, we cannot edit and revise
  what we wish to say. We can do so, when
  we have to write.

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1. What is Speaking Skill ?

• In Language teaching the four skills are
  described in terms of their directions.Language
  generated by the learner ( in speech or writing)
  is referred to as productive Language directed
  at the learner ( in reading or listening) is
  called receptive.
• Another important idea is Channel.(which refers
  to medium of the message (aural/oral or
  written).
• Speaking is the productive aural/oral skill. It
  consists of producing systematic verbal
  utterances to convey meaning.
• Teaching speaking is sometimes considered a
  simple process.

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1. What is Speaking Skill ?

• Differences between Spoken and Written Language
• Spoken Auditory Temporary immediate reception
• Prosody (rhythm, stress, intonation)
  Immediate feedback Planning and editing
  limited by channel
• Written Visual Permanent delayed reception
  Punctuation Delayed or no feedback Unlimited
  planning, editing, revision

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking

• For many years people taught speaking by having
  students repeat sentence and recite text books
  dialogues.
• Audio-lingual Repetition drills were designed to
  familiarize students with the sounds and
  structural patterns of the target language.
• The habit formation
• The concept of habit formation , of behaviorism,
  is the theoretical basis of the audio-lingual
  method.

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking

• During the late twentieth century, Language
  acquisition research made us reconsider old
  beliefs about how people learn to speak.
• Several studies prove that interaction helps
  people and children learn a language.
• So CLT came into practice.
• Two Versions of CLT
• i) The weak version the teacher should teach
  components of language but include
  communicative abilities. ii) The strong
  version since students learn through
  interacting, lesson should consist of
  opportunities to communicate in the
  target language.

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking

• To communicate well in another language, we must
  make ourselves understood by the people we are
  speaking with
• Making oneself understood in another language is
  not easy at beginning and intermediate levels.
• Speaking is a real time activity so speaker has
  only limited time to plan and edit his speech
  during a conversation.

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking

• Important Linguistics elements involved in
  speaking.
• Text
• Utterance
• Clause
• Phrase
• Word
• Morpheme
• Phoneme
• Phoneme
• Distinctive feature

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking

• Text stretches of language of an
  undetermined length.
• Utterance spoken texts are composed of
  utterances. An utterance is
  something someone says. It may not be a full
  sentence, as the concept is
  used in writing.
• Clause
• Phrase.
• Word A word is also called a free morpheme
• Morpheme smallest meaningful unit.
• Phoneme Smallest unit of sound syllable
• Distinctive feature how or where a sound is
  produced when we speak. Stress, rhythm, and
  intonation are called the suprasegmental
  phonemes.
• I think I know. I think I know. I think I Know

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2. Background to Teaching Speaking
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summary

• What is speaking?
• Background to teaching Speaking