Pioneer in psychology

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Sigmund Freud

• Pioneer in psychology

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Psychodynamic theory

• Controversial
• Complex
• Complete

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Origins of Psychodynamic Theory

• Case Studies
• Dora
• Little Hans
• The Rat Man

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Unconscious conflict

• Irrational Inner Struggles
• Repressed memories/emotion
• Aggression
• Sexual Violence

How Can You Access the Unconscious Mind?
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How can you access the unconscious?

• Dreams
• Psychoanalysis (free association)
• Slip-of-the-tongue
• Hypnosis

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What is personality made of?

• Three Parts

• ID
• EGOSUPEREGO

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ID

• Operates on the pleasure principle
• Entirely unconscious
• Irrational/Impulsive
• Aim is to get rid of tension!
• Reduces tension through wish fulfillment (dreams)

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Ego (executive)

• Operates on reality principle
• Takes into account external reality to get needs
  met
• Controls the id and superego
• Defense mechanisms help ego reduce anxiety

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Superego (Judge)

• Represents the ideal
• Develops in the ego as a child assimilates
  parents standards (good/bad)
• Enforced through PRIDE-GUILT-INFERIORITY

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Defense Mechanisms.they protect the ego

• Denial refusing to admit that something
  unpleasant is happening. Blocks perception
  memory.
• Displacement Putting your emotion onto a target-
  not the source of your emotion
• Projection Attributing ones own unacceptable
  feelings and impulses onto someone else.
• Rationalization Justifying ones behavior by
  offering a socially acceptable reason in place of
  the real reason.
• Reaction Formation Transforming
  anxiety-producing thoughts or feelings into their
  opposites
• Regression Mentally going back in time to
  safety
• Repression Unconscious forgetting
• Sublimation Substituting something undesirable
  with something that is socially acceptable

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Developing Personality

• At each stage, a different part of the body
  becomes the childs erogenous zone

• At each stage, conflicts occur. These conflicts
  need to be resolved to grow into a healthy adult.
• ---------------------
• Unresolved conflicts of childhood become adult
  Fixations

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Psychosexual Stages of personality development

• Oral Stage

• Birth- 1.5 years

• Pleasure from mouth, sucking, biting and chewing.
• Social conflict Weaning
• Fixations smoking/over-eating

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Anal Stage 18 months-3 years

• Toilet training Holding in or letting go
• Social Conflicttoilet training
• Fixations Messy, irresponsible, wasteful, neat,
  compulsive

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Phallic Stage 3-6 years

• Oedipus Complex

• Electra Complex

• Male children sexually desire their mothers-
  possessive love
• Fear or jealous (parent is rival) of same sex
  parent Castration anxiety

• Female children sexually desire their fathers
• Anger at motherPenis envy

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How is the Phallic Stage resolved?

• Coping with threatening feelings leads to
  identification with the same sex parent.
• Superego gains strength and child incorporates
  the parents values.
• Identification with same sex parent provides our
  gender identity

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Latency Stage 6-puberty

• Sexuality is dormant
• Psycho Sexual development is on hold so children
  can develop social skills

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Genital Stage Puberty

• Child develops sexual
• feelings toward others

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How well do Freuds ideas hold up today?