Odds

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Odds Ends
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The Vestibular Sense

• The sense responsible for maintaining balance.
• Enables us to walk on two feet, keep our head
  upright, and adjust our eye movements to
  compensate for our head movements.

Phillippe Petit
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(No Transcript)
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Motion Sickness

• Feelings of dizziness and nausea occur when the
  body is moved passively without motor activity
  and corresponding feedback to the brain.
• Two types of motion sickness
• Detects movements but motor actions that could
  have produced the movement have not occurred
• Detects movement
• inconsistent with the
• information about movement
• sensed by the eyes

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The Somatosenses

• The skin sensations of touch, pain, temperature.
• The functions of the skin include
• protecting the internal organs from injury
• helping regulate body temperature by producing
  sweat, which cools the body when it becomes too
  hot
• providing a first line of defense against
  invading microorganisms.

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Skin Receptors
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Skin ReceptorsGlabrous Skin
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The Experience and Control of Pain

• Pain has both negative and positive functions
• Chronic pain can be the bane of a persons
  existence.
• However, under ordinary circumstances, pain is
  extremely useful, warning us of potential injury
  and inducing us to seek appropriate treatment.

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Theories of Pain

• Melzack Wall (1965)
• Gate-control theory of pain - Input from pain
  receptors will produce the perception of pain
  only if the message first passes through a gate
  in the spinal cord and lower brain stem
  structures.
• Melzak (1999)
• Neuromatrix theory of pain accounts for types
  of pain unexplained by the gate-control theory of
  pain.

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Gate-Control Theory of Pain
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The Chemical Senses

• Chemical senses include the gustatory and
  olfactory systems.
• Both are intermingled in our eating experiences,
  in that much of what we report as the taste of
  food actually comes from its odor.
• Flavor -
• Touch plays a role crisp/soggy, mushy
• And visual cues green, slimy
• Also temperature cold eggs, warm milk

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Taste and Smell
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Genetics of Taste

• People differ in their sensitivity to bitter and
  some sweet tastes.
• These individual differences appear to be partly
  related to the number of taste buds on the
  tongue
• Supertasters (25 of people) have the most taste
  buds - about 425 per square cm on the tongue tip.
• Medium tasters (50 of people) have about 184
  taste buds per square cm.
• Non-tasters (25 of people) have about 96 per
  square cm.

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Power Naps

• Just one 26 minute power nap can increase your
  cognitive skills by 40 percent
• Prime napping time falls in the middle of the
  day, between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m.

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Power Naps

• Ben and Jerrys
• British Airways
• Google

• Pizza Hut
• Proctor Gamble
• Story