Internet and IPv6

1
Internet and IPv6

• Reviews for EE290TMinghua Chen
• minghua_at_eecs.berkeley.edu

2
Outline

• Internet The Internet a tutorial, by J.
  Crowcroft
• IPv6 The next generation of the Internet
  aspects of the Internet protocol version 6, by
  C. Lee et al.

3
Internet A Success

• Underlying technique
• IP addressing and routing
• TCP/UDP data transmission control (e.g., error
  recovery, flow control)
• Application
• WWW (killer application)
• E-mail
• Telnet
• Chat

4
Internet A Success

• Underlying design
• Connectionless datagram switching
• Stateless end-to-end principle
• Best effort
• Client server model
• Less assumptions ? more scalable robust ? easy
  to develop
• Cost some performance loss (e.g. transmit data
  over a network whose MTU gtgt 576 bytes maximum
  packet size in IPv4)

5
Internet Mail System
Bottleneck
6
Internet Mail System
7
Problems in IPv4
The most urgent thing!!

• Scalability
• Address run out
• Explosive routing tables (router is the bottle
  neck of Internet, instead of network speed)
• QoS
• Best effort is not enough
• Commercialized Internet
• Security

8
Address Run Out

• 232 4,294,967,296, will run out before 2005
• 32 bits should be enough address space for
  Internet Vint Cerf, 1977
• 32 bit address space is approximately 107 times
  of the of computers in DARPA time.

9
Of Items In A BGP Routing Table
10
Effort On Saving IPv4

• VLSM(Variable Length Subnet Mask)
• Try to figure out problem of triple bears
• CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing)
• NAT(Net Address Translation)
• L3 Switching,MPLS
• RSVP?RTP/RTCP?DirectRoute?SSL
• However, due to scalability reason, a new IP
  protocol has to be developed

11
What Do IPv6 Do?

• Address
• 128 bits. How large it is?
• 31038
• Suppose earth as a smooth sphere, then there are
  one mol (6.021023) IPs/m2
• Why 128 bits?
• Unicast, multicast, anycast
• For one interface, it can have multiple IPv6
  addresses
• Routing
• Prefix routing and aggregation (based on CIDR)
• Address space is strictly aggregated
• Fixed size based header

12
Difference In Header
13
What Do IPv6 Do?

• MTU 576 bytes ? 1280 bytes
• Type of Class (8 bits) and Flow label (20 bits)
  fields in header
• Mobile IP
• Redirect the route to the mobile node if needed
• Security architecture
• Protection for key header

14
What Do IPv6 Do?

• Network management
• Neighbor discovery
• MTU
• Address resolution
• Network prefix
• Address lifetimes
• Address autoconfiguration
• Use 64-bit IEEE EUI-64 address of the hardware
• Network prefix 64-bit hardware address

15
IPv4 ? IPv6

• Wont happen in one day
• Dual protocol stacks
• Currently, 6bone uses IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel to
  connect IPv6 nodes

IPv6 node
IPv6 node
IPv4 world
16
Discussions

• IPv6 changes the underlying technique of
  Internet, then what will be the change in
  application? What will be the killer application
  in future?
• In past, we have IPv4, then apps comes out how
  about todays situation?

17
Summary

• Internet is a success
• IPv4 has problems, especially in address space,
  routing, QoS and security
• IPv6 want to address those problems
• It may be a long time for IPv4 migrating to IPv6