The Muslim World Expands

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The Muslim World Expands

• Chapter 18

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Section 1-The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
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The Turks Move into Byzantium

• Ghazis-Anatolian Turks that saw themselves as
  warriors for Islam
• Ottomans-Followers of Osman the most successful
  ghazi
• Military Success based on gun powder
• Some of the 1st people to use cannons

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The Turks Move into Byzantium

• Sultan-Meaning overlord or one with power
• Living under the Ottomans
• Used local officials appointed by the sultan to
  rule conquered areas
• Muslims served in the Turkish army and pay
  religious taxes
• Non-Muslims did not have to serve in the army but
  paid a small tax in return

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The Turks Move into Byzantium

• Timur the Lame-
• Received the nickname after taking an arrow to
  the leg
• Burned Baghdad to the ground
• Crushed the Ottomans in the Battle of Ankara
  (1402)

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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion

• Mehmed II-
• Nicknamed Mehmed the Conqueror
• Attacked Constantinople
• Fired a 1,200lb bolder out of a 26-foot gun and
  ships
• After conquering the city he renamed it Istanbul
  opened it up to Christians, Jews, Muslims, Turks
  and non-Turks

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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion

• Suleyman the Lawgiver-
• Ruled for 46 years
• Created penalties for various criminal acts,
  bureaucratic and financial corruption
• Also introduced the concept of a balanced budget
  to governments

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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion

• Suleyman the Lawgiver-
• Studied poetry, history, geography, astronomy,
  mathematics and architecture
• Because of Islamic law he was tolerant of other
  religions
• Supported art and literature

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Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion

• Devshirme System-Members of the sultans army
  drafted from the Christian boys of conquered
  territories.
• Converted to Islam, and educated them
• Janissaries-Elite force of 30,000 soldiers
  trained to be loyal only to the sultan.

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Section 3-The Mughal Empire in India
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Early History of the Mughals

• Mughals-Means Mongols
• Group of nomadic invaders in Central Asia
• 1494-Babur inherits the kingdoms of Uzbekistan
  and Tajikistan at the age of 11
• Swept down into India and laid the foundations
  for the Mughal Empire

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Early History of the Mughals

• Akbar-Ruled India from 1556 to 1605
• Baburs grandson
• Ruled with wisdom and tolerance
• Created his own religion the Divine Faith
• He offended Muslims so much that they tried to
  revolt against him in 1581

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Early History of the Mughals

• Art and Literature-
• Illustrated books flourished
• Miniatures-Small highly detailed, colorful
  paintings
• Hindu literature also saw a resurgence during
  Akbars time

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Akbars Successors

• Shah Jahan-
• Killed anyone who got in his way of being king
• Had two great passions in life
• Beautiful buildings
• His wife Mumtaz Mahal
• Sadly she died at age 39 while giving birth to
  their 14th child

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Akbars Successors

• Taj Mahal- Towering marble dome built as a
  memorial to Mumtaz Mahal following her death
• Referred to as the most beautiful building in the
  world

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Akbars Successors

• Aurangzeb- Shah Jahans 3rd son
• Took power when Shah became sick
• Expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest size
• Oppressed the people
• Strict Islamic law (sharia) banned gambling,
  drinking, and other vices
• Taxed non-Muslims and was cruel to Hindus

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The Empires Decline and Decay

• Reasons for the Empires Decline-
• Aurangzeb had drained its resources
• 2 million people died of hunger
• As central power weakened the power of local
  lords grew
• The power of western traders began to increase

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