The Early Ottoman Empire

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The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
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GUNPOWDER EMPIRES

• Land Empires
• Large, defensive, expensive
• Agriculture (not mercantilism or industry)
• Hard to control (rebellion)
• Centralized power slow administration
• Islam, tax farming (unfair), forced labor

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Osman I (Othman) 1299-1326
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The Golden Age of the Ottomans
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Mehmet II 1451-1481(The Conqueror)
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The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
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Fall of Constantinople 1453
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The End of the Byzantine Empire
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Ottoman Empire

• 11453 Constantinople becomes Istanbul
• Middle East, Egypt, Syria, Algeria, Tunis, Vienna

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Hagia Sophia
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Hagia Sophia - interior
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Suleiman the Magnificent(1520-1566)
Suleimans Signature
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SuleSuleyman

• - defeated the Safavids, made laws
• Greatest extent of power forced tribute
• DEVSHIRME SYSTEM
• - Christian boys as elite soldiers
  (Janissaries)brought Christians into fold

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HEIGHT OF POWER

• Istanbul Cosmopolitan city
• Osmanli-speaking
• Military service gets benefits (tax-exempt and
  land grants)
• Islamic
• Common people are RAYA (flock)

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Blue Mosque
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Blue Mosque - interior
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Prayer Rug,16c Ottoman Empire
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Quran Page The Angel GabrielVisits Muhammad
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Collection of Taxes in Suleimans Court
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Conversations Between Muslims Christians
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Scholars at the Galata Observatory(Suleimans
Constantinople), 1557
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Janissaries
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The Ottoman Empire During the 16c
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OTTOMAN DECLINE

• Military costs increase
• Inflation goes up and people not paid enough
• REBELLION
• Janissaries demand changes (marriage, hiring
  mercenaries) military readiness goes down
• By 1750.in economic, military decline EUROPE
  CONTROLS THEM!