Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)

1
Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)

• 1911 Manchu Dynasty

• Sun Yat-sen becomes president
• Hopes to establish govt. based
• on the three principles of the people.

1. Nationalism
2. Democracy
3. Peoples Livelihood
Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)
2
Era of the Warlords (1916-1926)

• Local concentrations of power emerge

• military leaders local gentry take control of
  the provinces.

• Warlord armies terrorize the countryside.

• Millions of peasants die of famine disease.

• Peasants desire for land went unresolved
  landless grew

3
World War I--Asia
Japan

• Seeking a foothold in China

• 1917-China aides allies vs.Germany

• 1919 Treaty of Versailles

• Japan gains territory privileges previously
  belonging to Germany in China.

• Result May Fourth Movement

4
May Fourth Movement May 4, 1919

• students protest in Peking.

• slogan Down with the Imperialists

• becomes a nationalist movement

1. Spreads to other cities
2. Nationalism anti-imperialist sentiment grow.
5
May Fourth Movement May 4, 1919
Outcome

• Create broad based coalition.

• Force release of imprisoned students
• dismissal of Japanese officials from govt.

• reformers turn against Sun
• Yat-sens belief in western
• democracy.

6
Rise of Marxism Formation of the CCP

• Marxism
• Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry.

• Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization.

• Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation
  aggression.

• 1921CCP formed

Mao Tse-tung
7
KMT and CCP Alliance

• Sun Yat-sen organizes the KMT along Bolsheviks
  lines

• 1923Lenin sends military advisors equipment in
  return for allowing the CCP to join forces with
  the KMT.

8
Break-up of KMT and CCP

• 1925

• Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader

• KMT CCP forces successfully defeat the
  Warlords.

• 1927Chiang fears CCP and its leaders.

• KMT troops overrun Shanghai

• Execute CCP leaders union members.

• Purges spread to other cities.

• Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding.

Chiang Kai-shek
9
Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37)

• Chiang Kai-shek becomes President.

• U.S. Britain recognizes KMT government

• Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt.

• Focuses on modernizing developing cities.

• Ignores the peasantslife does not improve

10
Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants

• Recognizes potential.

• Organizing soviets to train peasants

• Divides CCP land amongst peasants

• Wins their loyalty

11
Civil War--1930

• Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army.

• 1933700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCPs
  stronghold.

• CCP outnumbered 6 to 1.

• 1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.

12
The Long March 1934-35
13
WW II begins in ASIA

• 1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China.

• Japanese threat forces a KMT CCP truce.

• CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war
  against Japan

14
Chiang Kai-shek with FDR Winston Churchill

• 1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million
  soldiers

• Received 1.5 billion in U.S. money equipment to
  fight Japan.

• Japan defeated in 1945.

• 1945CCP controls No. China KMT Controls So.
  China.

15
Civil War 1946-49

• KMT outnumbers CCP

• Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid

• KMT cant muster popular support

• Chinas economy collapses

• Thousands of KMT soldiers desert

16
Mao Zedong Proclaiming the

• 1949 Maos Red Army takes over Chinas Major
  Cities.

• Mao gains control of the country

• Chiang Kai-shek KMT leaders flee to Taiwan

Peoples Republic of China
17
Credits
Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History
Patterns of Interaction. Boston McDougal
Littell. 1999.
Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western
Civilizations New Jersey Prentice-Hall. 2000.
No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery.
http//www.chinese-gifts.com.hk/index.htm
No Author Given. China. Comptons Encyclopedia
Online http//www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/ARTIC
LES/0025/00397568_A.html