Food, glorious food

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Food, glorious food

• Food Chemistry Unit

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Hungry? Need a snack?

• You need food to carry out daily activities.
• Any food?
• No you need to eat food with nutritional value.
• Your body needs NUTRIENTS.

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Nutrients

• Definition- substances in food that provide
  energy and materials needed for cell development,
  growth, and repair

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How do I know how much I need?

• Government developed a RDA
• Recommended Daily Allowance
• Includes recommended amounts of protein, ten
  vitamins, and six minerals
• Food label requirements were put into place in
  January 1993
• Create your own food plan at
• http//www.mypyramid.gov (www.choosemyplate.gov)

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Energy

• Every activity your body performs requires ENERGY
• the ones we think about doing
• eating, playing video games, texting
• the ones we dont think about doing
• heartbeat, food digestion, breathing

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How much energy do I need?

• That depends on
• Body mass
• Age
• Activity level

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Food Energy

• Energy in food is measured in Calories (Cal) 1
  kcal 1 Cal
• Different foods contain different numbers of
  Calories

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Classes of Nutrients

1. PROTEINS
2. CARBOHYDRATES
3. FATS
4. VITAMINS
5. MINERALS
6. WATER

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Whats the difference?

• Carbs, fats and proteins need to be digested, or
  broken down, before your body can use them
• Water, vitamins and minerals do NOT need to be
  digested before being absorbed into the
  bloodstream

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Organic Inorganic Nutrients

• Inorganic
• Water
• Minerals
• NO carbon

• Organic
• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Vitamins
• Fats
• contain CARBON

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Consumption

• These nutrients contain elements and we consume
  the largest quantities of the following
• Carbon (C)
• Hydrogen (H)
• Nitrogen (N)
• Phosphorus (P)
• Sulfur (S)

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Protein

• used by the body for replacement and repair of
  cells for growth
• containcarbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
  sometimes sulfur

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Proteins cont

• Proteins are made up of AMINO ACIDS
• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

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Amino acids

• The body needs 20 different amino acids to make
  the thousands of proteins your body needs

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The Essentials

• 12 amino acids can be made by the body
• the other 8 cannot and must be supplied to the
  body by the foods that we eat
• these 8 are called
• ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

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Wheres the protein?

• Complete proteins contain all essential amino
  acids
• These are found in
• Eggs
• Milk
• Cheese
• Meat
• Nuts

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Carbohydrates

• the bodys main source of ENERGY
• made up ofcarbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Energy is released when carbs are broken down by
  the presence of oxygen in your cells

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3 Types of Carbohydrates

• SUGAR (digestable)
• STARCH (digestable)
• FIBER (non-digestable)

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Sugar

• Simple carbohydrate
• Found in table sugar (sucrose), fruits
  (fructose), honey, and milk (lactose)
• Cells break down glucose

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Sugar

• A sweet crystalline carbohydrate
• Glucose a monosaccharide (single sugar) called
  blood sugar
• a source of energy used in and by the body that
  provides the BRAIN and Nervous System with energy

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Carb dependent BRAIN

• Hypoglycemia
• Abnormally low blood glucose levels
• Dizziness, weakness and nausea
• Hyperglycemia
• abnormally high blood glucose levels
• Pancreas not secreting insulin
• No cell response to insulin

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Diabetes

• When a person cannot regulate blood glucose
  levels
• Type I
• Pancreas makes little to no insulin
• Occurs in children and young adults
• Type II
• Most common form, not enough insulin is produced
• Occurs in adults (40)

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Starch

• Complex carbohydrates
• Found in pasta, potatoes, white breads
• Long chain of simple sugars called polymers
  (starch)

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Fiber (Cellulose)

• Complex carbohydrate
• Found in cell wall of plant cells
• In foods like whole grain breads and cereal,
  beans, fruit peels and leafy green veggies
• Cannot be digested but is needed for intestinal
  regularity

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Fats (Lipids)

• provide energy (secondary source)
• help the body absorb vitamins
• Cushion internal organs
• major part of cell membrane
• 1 gram of fat releases 2X as much ENERGY as 1
  gram of carbohydrate

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Fats

• During digestion fat is broken down into two
  smaller molecules (fatty acids and glycerol)

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Fat (Composed of)

• Fatty acids (3 of them !)
• Organic acids that make up fat
• (can be saturated or unsaturated)

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Fat (Composed of)

• 2. Glycerol
• Compounds that are made up of an organic alcohol
  and 3 carbon atoms

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2 Types

• Unsaturated
• liquid at room temperature
• vegetable oils and seed oils
• Saturated
• solid at room temperature
• Butter and animal products

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Cholesterol

• Made in the liver
• Part of cell membrane
• Saturated fats in diet are cause of high levels
  of blood cholesterol
• Deposits on walls of blood vessels block blood
  supply to organs and can increase blood pressure
  which can lead to stroke or heart disease

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Heart Disease

• 1 killer of both MEN and WOMEN

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Lifes Simple 7

• Get Active
• Control Cholesterol
• Eat Better
• Manage Blood Pressure
• Lose Weight
• Reduce Blood Sugar
• Stop Smoking

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Vitamins

• Organic nutrients needed for growth, regulating
  body functions and preventing diseases

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Water Soluble

• Dissolve in water
• Body does NOT store
• Excess excreted in urine
• Replenish daily

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Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid

• required for normal growth and maintenance of
  most of the tissues of your body
• important component of your immune system it's
  also a component of collagen, which is needed for
  healthy connective tissue

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Vitamin B

• Thiamine (B1)
• helps your body make energy out of the
  carbohydrates you eat
• Riboflavin (B2)
• needed for general body growth and for energy
• Niacin (B3)
• needed for healthy skin and for converting the
  foods you eat to energy

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• Pantothenic Acid
• needed for energy production
• B6 (Pyroxidine)
• needed for a healthy nervous system and for
  making hemoglobin
• Folate
• need to make red blood cells and for breaking
  down the proteins you eat
• B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
• needed for a healthy nervous system and blood
  cell production

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Fat soluble

• Dissolve in fat
• Excess stored in body
• Too much is not a good thing, its TOXIC for the
  bodys systems

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Vitamins A, D, E K

• A
• Growth, healthy skin, eyesight
• D
• Absorption of Ca and P for bones and teeth
• E
• Formation of cell membranes
• K
• Blood clots and wound recovery

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Minerals

• Inorganic nutrients that regulate chemical
  reactions in the body
• Body uses approximately 14 to build cells, send
  nerve impulses and carry oxygen to cells

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• Calcium/ Phosphorus
• bone formation
• Chromium
• regulating blood glucose
• Copper
• nerve function
• Fluoride
• dental and bone health

• Iodine
• production of thyroid hormones
• Iron
• carry oxygen to cells
• Zinc
• wound healing

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Water

• Needed for survival
• Most nutrients cannot be used by the body unless
  dissolved in water
• Many chemical reactions take place in water

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Water in the Body

• 60 (55-78) H2O by weight
• 2/3 of water is in cells
• 1/3 is found around cells and in blood

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Why do I get thirsty?

• Exhale water vapor
• Waste excretion
• Perspiration

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Drink Water

• Body wants to maintain HOMEOSTASIS
• Brain sends out messages when water levels in
  body get low causing you to feel thirsty
• Not enough water
• leaves you dehydrated

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Eat Water
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