???? ??????

1
????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????

• ?.?. ??? ????? ???
• ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???

2
????? ???????

• ??????? 270 ????? (4.6 ?? ???? ??????)
• ????? 22 ????
• ??????? 13.04 ????? ??2
• ???? ??????? 54.7
• ?????? ?????? 604 ????? ????? ?????

3
????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????

• ???????? ???????? ??????? .
• ??????? ??????? .
• ??????? ????????? ????????? .
• ??????? (???????) .

4
??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????
???????
?????? Arab Human Development Report, 2003
?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????
??? 73 ????? 9
??????? 30 ???????? 7
???? 24 ?????? 5
?????? 22 ??????? 3
????? 18 ????????? 3
?????? 16 ??? 3
????? 15 ???????? 3
??????? 14 ???? 2
?????? 13 ??????? 1
?????? 9 ?????? 1
????? 9 ??????? 280
???????? ???????? ??????? 190
5
?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??
???? ???????? ?? ????? ???????
?????? Arab Human Development Report, 2003
?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? () ??? ????? ???????
??????? ?????? ?????? 76 27 15
????? ??????? 43 16 11
??????? 34 12 14
?????? 22 8 12
?????? ?????????? ?? ??? 17 6 10
?????? ???????? 11 4 6
??????? 8 3 7
????????? ?????????? 5 2 4
??????????? ??????? 4 1 4
????????????? 4 1 3
????? 54 20 15
6
??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???
???????????? UNESCO Institute for statistics
country profile 2001-2002
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ??? ???????? (??? ????? ?????) (1997)
?????? 5.188 7110
??????? 127.271 5321
?????? 8.860 5186
?????? 288.025 4099
???????? 4.100 4052
?????? 7.173 3592
????? 144.877 3494
???????? 5.338 3476
???????? 19.352 3439
??????? 82.349 3153
7
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ??? ???????? (??? ????? ?????) (1997)
???? 31.025 2978
????? 47.142 2880
????? 59.564 2718
??????? 58.881 2667
?????? 15.982 2572
??????? 40.875 1948
??????? 6.300 1563
???? 10.257 1466
??????? 10.947 1400
??? 69.124 910
??????? 22.437 879
????????? 37.529 684
8
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ??? ???????? (??? ????? ?????) (1997)
????? 1285.229 584
???? 11.238 489
????? ??????? 270.000 371
???? 9.624 333
???????? 174.029 323
????? 69.303 306
???? 26.362 229
??????? 23.492 276
??????? 100.456 225
???? ??????? 44.416 200
???????? 42.826 101
????? 1033.392 99
9
??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????
??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 1990-2000
?????? Regions of the world, 1990-2000
10
???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????
??????? ??? 1990-1995
?????? World bank report, 1998
11
????? ????????? ??? 1000 ????? (??? 1998) ??????
World Development Report, 2000-2001
?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
?????? 458.6 ???? 330 ?????? 233.4 ???? 18.1
???????? 458.4 ?????? 317.6 ??????? 217.2 ???? 14.7
?????? 421.8 ??????? 304 ????? 207.8 ??? 9.1
???????? 411.6 ?????? 286 ?????? 104.9 ?????? 8.7
???????? 377.4 ?????????? 282.1 ???????? 49.6 ????????? 5.5
??????? 373.4 ??????? 271.7 ???? ??????? 47.4 ??????? 4.2
?????? 361.4 ??????? 263 ????? 39.2 ?????? 2.5
?????? 349.2 ????? 254.2 ????? 31.9 ????? 1.7
??????? 337.2 ???????? 250.9 ??????? 18.6 ????? 1.2
12
??? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? World bank report, 2002
13
???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???
2001
?????? World markets research center, 2002
14
????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????????UNES
CO institute for statistics country profile
2001-2002
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ()
??????? 6.300 5
?????? 8.860 4.6
?????? 5.188 3.4
??????? 127.271 3.1
????? 47.142 3
?????? 288.025 2.8
?????? 7.173 2.6
??????? 82.349 2.5
????? 59.564 2.2
15
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ()
???????? 5.338 2.2
???????? 4.100 2.1
?????? 15.982 2
??????? 58.881 1.9
???? 31.025 1.9
???????? 19.352 1.5
???? 10.257 1.3
????? 144.877 1.2
????? 1285.229 1.1
???????? 174.029 1.1
??????? 40.875 1
16
?????? ??? ?????? (????????) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ()
????? 1033.392 0.8
???? ??????? 44.416 0.8
??????? 10.947 0.7
???? 11.238 0.7
????? 69.303 0.6
???? 9.624 0.5
??????? 23.492 0.5
??????? 22.437 0.4
????????? 37.529 0.4
??????? 100.456 0.4
????? ??????? 270.000 0.2
???????? 42.826 0.2
???? 26.362 0.1
17
???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????
??????? 1990-1995??????Arab Human Development
Report, 2003
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? () ???? ??????? () ??????? ???? ??????? () ??????? ???? ??????? () ???????
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? () ????? ??????? ?????
???????? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? 2.8-4.6 20-30 55-70 4-10
??????? ? ????? ? ??????? ? ??????? ? ???????? ????? 1.5-2.5 38 52 10
??????? ? ???????? ? ??????? 0.7-1 54 35 11
????? ???????? 0.4-0.6 65-73 14-31 5
????? ??????? 0.1-0.2 89 3 8
18
????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???????

• ?????? ???????? .
• ?????? ???????? .
• ????? ??????? ????????? .
• ????? ??????????? .

19
?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? 1988
1994?????? MOST, 1994 (International ranking of
science and technology) Seoul.
?????? 1988 1994 ?????? 1988 1994
?????? 250358 267125 ?????? 2001 5673
??????? 61148 65159 ???????? 3064 4773
??????? 51708 49552 ????? 1227 3910
??????? 46525 55142 ????????? 2138 2356
????? 36917 38623 ??????? 1969 2926
??????? 9342 14498 ??????? 1683 2343
????? 6530 9074 ??? 1711 1794
??????? 7001 7574 ???????? 900 1300
20
???
??? ??????
2500
2000
?????
1500
????????
1000
??????
???????? ????? ????
500
????? ??????
81
85
89
93
97
01
?????
?????? Thomson ISI National Science Indictors,
1981-2002.
21
?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??
??? 1997?????? World Development Report,
2000-2001
?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
??????? 417974 ??????? 91410 ???????? 1259
?????? 236692 ??????? 83430 ??? 1210
??????? 175595 ????? 61382 ???????? 1058
??????? 148209 ??????? 30344 ??????? 712
????? 129982 ????? 30105 ?????? 327
????? 112631 ????? 10155 ??????? 240
?????? 109437 ???? 1960 ???? 174
22
?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????
????????? ?? ?????? 1980-2000?????? Arab Human
Development Report, 2003
?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????
????? 16328 ?????? 15
??????? 7652 ????? 10
???????? 171 ??????? 6
??? 77 ???? 5
?????? 52 ????? 2
???????? 32
23
????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????
??? 2001-2002
?????? UNESCO Institute for Statistics Country
Profile, 2001-2002
?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????
???????? 3780 ??????? 133
??? 1410 ?????? 114
???? 1260 ??????? 92
?????? 511 ???? 12
?????? 386 ????? 30487
????? 289 ??????? 5084
?????? 219 ????? 2920
??? 209 ??????? 1969
24
??? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????
??????? ?????? ???? ???????
?????? UNESCO report, 1995
25
???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????
???????? () ??? 1998 ?????? World Development
Report (2000-2001)
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
???????? 59 ??????? 26
??????? 54 ????? 23
??????? 45 ?????? 22
?????? 33 ????? 21
??????? 31 ??????? 20
?????? 30 ?????? 20
??????? 28 ??????? 19
????? 27 ???????? 18
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? 16 ???? ??????? 9
??????? 16 ???????? 9
???? 15 ????? 5
????? 15 ???? 4
??????? 14 ????? 2
?????? 12 ??????? 2
????? 12 ??????? 2
???????? 11 ????? ??????? lt 2
26
???? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????
???? ???? ??? 1999
?????? Indices of Technological Development,
UNCTAD, Geneva, 2002
?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 88 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? 88 ????
?????? 56 ?????? 1
??? 62 ????? 2
???? 66 ??????? 4
??????? 68 ??????? 17
?????? 71 ??????? 39
???? 74 ??????? 43
????? 82 ??????? 88
27
(No Transcript)
28
????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??????
???????

• ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? .
• ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????????
  ???????? .
• ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? .
• ??? ????? ????????? ??????? .
• ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????
  ??????????.
• ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? .
• ???? ????? ?????? (Quality) ?? ?????? .
• ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? .
• ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????
  ???????? .

29
(No Transcript)
30
????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????

• ?????? ????????? .
• ????????? ??????? ??????? (FDI) .
• ???????? ???????? (International Funds).
• ???????? ??????????? (Incubators) .
• ????????? ??????????? (Technology Parks).

31
????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????
2000/2001 (????? ?????)
?????? World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 2002
?????? ??? 2000 ??? 2001 ?????? ???2000 ??? 2001
?????? 201 2658 ??????? 358 92
??? 1235 510 ?????? 39 169
??????? 438 1196 ???????? 260 -156
???? 779 486 ???? 23 49
??????? 392 574 ?????? 16 -40
????? 298 249 ????? -142 -101
??? 252 237 ????? -201 -205
????? 270 205 ???????? -1884 20
32
?????? Arab Human Development Report, 2003
33
?????? Arab Human Development Report, 2003
34
????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????
??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????

• ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????
  ????????? ????????.
• ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????
  ?????? ????? .
• ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? .
• ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? .
• ?????? ???? ??????? ???????.
• ????? ??????? ?????? .
• ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? .

35
?????? ????? ???????

• ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? .
• ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? .
• ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? .
• ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????.
• ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? (R D) ????????? .
  
• ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? .
• ????? ?????? ????????? ??????????.
• ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ???????? ??????? .

36
???????? ????????
???? ?????????
??????? ????????
???? ??????? ???????
???? ??????? ????????
???????
????? ????? ??????? ???????
???????? ????????
?????? ??????
????? ??????
??????? ????????
???? ??????? ??????
????? ??????
???? ?????
???? ??????? ??????
Source Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development, Managing National Innovation System,
Paris, 1999, P.23.
???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? - ???????
37
(No Transcript)
38
??????? ???????

• ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? .
• ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????
  ????????? .
• ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????.
• ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????
  ????? ??????.
• ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? .
• ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ?????.
• ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????
  ???????? ????????? .
• ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????
  ???????? ??????? .

39
??????? ???????

• ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????
  ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? (Center of
  Excellency).
• ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? (Accreditation)
  .
• ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (Science Park)
  ???????? .
• ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????
  ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? .
• ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????
  ???????.
• ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? .

40
????? ???????

• ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????
  ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? .
  
• ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
  ?????????.
• ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? .
• ?????? ?????? ?????? (QC/QA) ?????? ??????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? .
• ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????
  ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????
  ???????? ?????? ??????? .
• ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????
  .
• ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
  ??????? ??????? .

41
????? ??????? ?????????

• ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? .
• ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? .
• ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????????
  ??????.
• ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? .
• ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? (E-learning).
• ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????
  ?????????? .
• ????? ??? ????? ??????? .
• ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????????
  ??????? .

42
????????? ???????

• ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????
  ???????.
• ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
  ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????
  ????? ?????? .
• ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? .
  
• ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????.
• ???????? ??????? ????? ???????.

43
(No Transcript)
44
National Critical Technology Areas(Source US
National Security Report, White House, 1999)
Technology area Technology category
Energy efficiency. Energy storage, conditioning, distribution and transmission. Improved generation . Energy
Monitoring and assessment . Pollution Control . Remediation and restoration . Environmental Quality
Components Communications. Computer systems. Information management . Intelligent complex adaptive systems . Sensors. Softwear and tool kits. Information and Communication
45
Technology area Technology category
Biotechnology Medical technology Agriculture and food technology Human factors Living systems
Discrete product manufacturing Continuous materials processing . Micro/nanofabrication and machining . Manufacturing
Materials. Structures. Materials
Aerodynamics. Avionics and controls. Propulsion and power . Systems integration . Human interface . Transportation
46
????? ?????????

• ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????
  ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????
  ????????? - ?????????? ????????? ??????
  ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????
  ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????
  ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????
  ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? .

47
????? ??????

• ?????? ???????????? .
• ???????? ????????????.
• ????? ?????? ????????????.
• ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? .
• ????? ??????? ???????? .
• ??????? ???? ?????? .
• ??????? ??????? .
• ???????? ?????? .
• ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? .
• ??? ?????? ?????? .

48
????? ?????????

• ??????? ??? ?????? .
• ????? ????? ????? ????? .
• ??????? ?????? .
• ????? ?????????? ????????? .
• ??????? ????????? .
• ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? .
• ????????? ????????? .

49
????? ????????

• ???????? .
• ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? .
• ??????? ?????????? .
• ?????? ??????? .
• ?????? ???????????????? .
• ????? ?????? .
• ???????? ?????????? .

50
????? ????????

• ????????????? ??????? .
• ????????????? ??????? .
• ??????? .
• ???????? ?????????? .
• ????? ?????? ??????? .
• ??????? ??????? .

51
???????

• ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????
  ?????? ??????????.
• ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? (R
  D) ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? .
  
• ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?????? ????????.
• ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??
  ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????
  ???????? .
• ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
  ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????.
• ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????
  ????? .