The Era of Good Feeling

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The Era of Good Feelings (1815-1824)
OR WAS IT?
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American System

• British manufacturing competitors in 1815 looked
  to make up for lost time and money after the war.
• Dumped contents of their overstocked warehouses
  on the United States market.
• Often offered goods at below cost in hope of
  strangling the burgeoning American industries
• American manufacturing screamed for protection.
• In 1816, a nationalist Congress passed the Tariff
  of 1816, primarily for protection of American
  industry. Rates were 20-25 of the value of
  dutiable imports
• Starts trend of protection, another sign of the
  growth of nationalism

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The American System

• Tariff of 1816
• - provide funds and protection
• Second Bank of the U. S.
• - Easy and abundant credit
• Internal improvements at federal expense.
  - National Road (needed for transportation of
  goods and materials from North and East to South
  and West (Vice versa). Link nation together
  economically

Henry Clay,The GreatCompromiser
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The American System

• However, Madison vetoed the Federal road spending
  bill and for internal improvement in the states
• Stated unconstitutional
• States forced to provide own revenue
• As a result, New York completes the Erie canal by
  1825
• New England did not want federally funded roads
  because of fear of the population and power drain
  to the South and West

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The American System
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The American System

• WEST ? got roads, canals, and
  federal aide.
• EAST ? got the backing of
  protective tariffs from the West.
• SOUTH ? ?? Will this be an issue?

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The Election of 1816
Last time that the Federalists will have a
presidential candidate. Also, the Virginia
Dynasty continues with Monroe being elected.
(Washington, Jefferson, Madison, and now Monroe.
As Federalists slowly die, we have a system of
One-party rule.
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James Monroe 1816-1824 5
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James Monroe

• As book states, the man and the times met
  perfectly.
• Straddled two generations, the by-gone period of
  the Founding Fathers and also the merging age of
  Nationalism
• Not brilliant or ever great, but an intellect who
  understood that the nation did not need an
  overbearing president, just simple and sober
  administration
• He was an experienced, levelheaded executive who
  could interpret popular rumblings and discontent
  and respond.

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James Monroe

• Boston newspaper, after his 1817 goodwill tour,
  pronounced his presidency will usher in an Era
  of Good Feelings.
• However, this is often called a misnomer, because
  despite a period of tranquility and prosperity
  early in his presidency, the era under Monroes
  administration was a troubled one.
• Issues of tariffs, the bank, and internal
  improvements caused bitter arguments
• Sectionalism was rearing its ugly head as well as
  the issue of slavery

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The Panic of 1819
CAUSES???
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Causes of 1819

• Depression, bank failures, deflation,
  bankruptcies, unemployment, soup kitchens, and
  debtors prisons all were the result of the panic
  of 1819.
• Causes
• Overspeculation in frontier lands, with the Bank
  of the United States involved
• West was severely hit as many farms were
  foreclosed
• Western debtors started to despise and hate the
  Bank of the United States because of this.
• Poorer classes also hit very hard by the panic,
  which helped sow the seeds for Jacksonian
  Democracy

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Western Expansion

• 9 states joined the union from 1791-1819.
• To preserve the North-South balance, admitted
  alternately as free or slave state.
• Why such an explosion West?
• Continuation of the generations old-westward
  movement
• Cheap land appealed to European immigrants
• Small down payments needed
• Crushing of Native Americans made land available
• Building of roads improved transportation
  (Cumberland Road)
• Use of Steamboats made it easier to navigate
  rivers

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Western Expansion

• However, West was still weak internally and
  politically, just not enough people.
• However, still had demands, especially cheap
  acreage.
• Land Act of 1820
• 80 acres at 1.25 an acre cash
• Also wanted cheap transportation
• Also wanted cheap money

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The Tallmadge Amendment

• Missouri wanted statehood, as a slave state
• All slaves born in Missouri after the
  territory became a state would be freed at the
  age of 25. Also no more slaves could
  be brought to Missouri.
• Passed by the House, not in the Senate.
• The North controlled the House, and the South
  had enough power to block it in the Senate.

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The Tallmadge Amendment

• Slaveholding southerners were outraged at the
  Tallmadge amendment.
• Also, North over time was getting wealthier and
  more populated, as represented in the House. So
  the North had an advantage.
• But in the Senate, with 11 free states and 11
  slave states, the South remained equal due to the
  2 Senators per state.
• So Southerners wanted to maintain this equality
  because it gave them the opportunity to twart any
  measure to interfere with the expansion of
  slavery.

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Missouri and the Slave Issue

• Many southerners worried that if Missouri, the
  first territory carved out of Louisiana and West
  of the Mississippi, was not admitted as a slave
  state, it would set a bad precedent for future
  western states.
• Southerners also worried if their peculiar
  institution could be abolished in Missouri,
  would the Northerners look to have it abolished
  elsewhere?
• Some anti-slavery northerners wanted slavery to
  not be allowed to expand further.
• So..a solution needed to be made.

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Missouri Compromise

• Led by Henry Clay, a bundle of 3 compromise were
  agreed to in an attempt to solve the issue of
  Missouri
• Missouri entered as a slave state
• Maine entered as a free state
• All other slavery prohibited in the Louisiana
  Territory above 36 30 parallel (Southern border
  of Missouri)
• Who Won?
• South got Missouri as an unrestricted slave state
• North got the right to prohibit slavery in the
  rest of Louisiana
• 12 slave states and 12 free states due to the
  compromise.
• The compromise lasted 34 years and preserved the
  shaky compact of the states
• However, it did not solve the slavery issue and
  simply kicked the can down the road. As Thomas
  Jefferson said, in regards to slavery it will
  burst on us like a tornado.

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The Compromise of 1820A Firebell in the Night!
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The Election of 1820
Monroe was so popular, even despite the Missouri
issue and the bigger issue Of the Panic of 1819,
he received every electoral vote except 1. So
Washington Remained the only unanimous choice in
presidential elections. Former Governor and
Senator from New Hampshire cast the single vote
against Monroe
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Daniel Webster

• John Marshalls twin ideological brother in the
  Senate.
• Numerous times he eloquently espoused his
  Federalist views and nationalistic philosophy in
  front of the Supreme Court.
• Often argued in Senate against states rights and
  nullification

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John Marshall

• As Chief Justice, he helped create a stable and
  nationally uniform environment for business.
• Helped check the excess of popularly elected
  state legislatures.
• Through him, the conservative Hamiltonians
  triumphed from the tomb as he championed a strong
  central government time and time again

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John Quincy AdamsA bulldog among spaniels!
John Quincy Adams was Secretary of State during
Monroes administration. - Son of John Adams -
rose above the sectionalism of New England
and became one of the United States
greatest Secretaries of State Treaty of 1818
(British) - Americans could share
Newfoundland fisheries with Canadians -
Fixed Louisiana at the 49th
parallel (Lake of the Woods to the Rockies)
- Ten-Year joint occupation of the
disputed Oregon territory
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The Convention of 1818
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Florida and Jackson

• Revolutions broke out in Argentina, Venezuela,
  and Chile. So..
• Spain sent troops from Florida to these countries
  to stop the revolutionaries.
• Andrew Jackson creates trumped up charges that
  Seminole Indians and fugitive slaves are using
  Florida as refuge and gets commission to enter
  Florida to punish Indians and recapture the
  runaways.
• So he hanged two chiefs and executed two British
  subjects for assisting the Indians. He also took
  two Spanish posts, St. Marks and Pensacola.
• Congress and president were angry, but John
  Quincy Adams said lets just take Florida and
  wanted concessions from Spain
• Result is the Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819
• United States got Florida
• Had to leave some forts in Texas
• Boundary established between Mexico and United
  States

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Jacksons Florida Campaigns
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Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
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Napoleonic Wars and Aftermath

• After Napoleon was defeated and the threat of
  democracy was squashed, the Monarchs of Europe
  banded together in attempt to eliminate another
  revolution like in France. They wanted to make
  the world safe from democracy.
• Americans were fearful that the monarchs of
  Prussia, Austria, Russia, and France would send
  armies to defeat the democratic experiments in
  revolutionary Latin America.
• So they feared that the proximity of the
  adversarial monarchs would threaten American
  security
• 1821, Tsar of Russia extended territory to 51st
  Parallel, present day British Columbia and had
  trading posts in San Francisco. So the fear of
  monarchy in America was real.

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Britain and America

• George Canning proposed to the American minister
  a partnership with America that renouncing any
  interest in Latin American countries and also
  warning European despots to keep hands off the
  Latin American republics.
• John Quincy Adams said hells no!!! He understood
  that it was not necessary to entangle the Untied
  States in this alliance. There was no imminent
  attack from Europe in Latin America and plus the
  Royal navy would thwart any attack anyways. So
  he convinces Monroe to pronounce the..

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The Monroe Doctrine, 1823

• Referred to as Americas Self-Defense
  Doctrine.
• No more colonization and
• No monarchs in New World

1. What warning is given to the European countries?

1. What foreign policy principles are established?

Monroe Doctrine

1. What would the US do if the warning was not
   headed?

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The West the NW 1819-1824
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The Election of 1824The Corrupt Bargain
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The Election of 1824The Corrupt Bargain
Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote
Andrew Jackson 43 99
J.Q. Adams 31 84
William Crawford 13 41
Henry Clay 13 37