The Nation Expands

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The Nation Expands
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Immigration

• Most immigrants came from northern Europe
• Americans began to resent immigrants taking jobs
• Immigrants faced discrimination

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Nativism

• Nativists opposed immigration in order to protect
  the interests of native born American citizens

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Know-Nothing Party

• Called the American Party and started by
  Protestants
• Opposed the immigration of Catholics
• Felt that too many Catholics would allow the Pope
  to have influence over the government

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Manifest Destiny

• The 19th century belief that the U.S. would
  inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean

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Adams-Onis Treaty

• Spain ceded Florida to the U.S.
• Spain also gave up claims in Oregon Territory

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Missouri Compromise

• Southerners wanted Missouri admitted as a slave
  state in order to maintain balance of power
• Regional hostilities grew over the expansion of
  slavery

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Missouri Compromise

• Henry Clay proposed Missouri be a slave state and
  Maine admitted as a free state
• Dividing line set at 36-30 North latitude
• North of line, free territories
• South of line, slave territories

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Indian Removal Act of 1830

• Jackson believed that Native Americans could not
  be absorbed into white culture
• Native American lands were valuable and
  protecting them with troops would be too costly
• Jackson decided to force Native Americans to
  leave their land and move west

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Worchester v. Georgia

• John Marshall rules that Cherokee could not be
  forcibly removed from their land

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Sequoya

• Developed the Cherokee alphabet in order to
  preserve their culture

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The Trail of Tears

• Cherokee were rounded up and forced to march 800
  miles to Oklahoma
• Over one-quarter of the Cherokee died along the
  way

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Texas Annexation
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Stephen Austin

• Established the first American colony in Texas
  and fought for Texas independence

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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

• Mexican general who fought against Texans quest
  for independence

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The Alamo

• A mission fort in San Antonio, Texas where
  Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836

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Sam Houston

• Defeated Santa to gain Texas Independence and
  became the first President of the Republic of
  Texas

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Problems with Texas Annexation

• Annexation of Texas was not easy
• Many feared adding another slave state to the
  union

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54-40 or Fight

• James K. Polks campaign slogan in the 1844
  election
• Called for the U.S. to annex all of the Oregon
  Territory

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Mexican War

• President Polk wanted territories held by Mexico
  (New Mexico and California)
• Polk and general Zachary Taylor provoked a war
  with Mexico
• U.S. defeated Mexico and gained lands in the
  Southwestern U.S.

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Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

• 1848 treaty that ended the war with Mexico and
  ceded California and New Mexico to the U.S.

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49ers

• Gold is discovered in California in 1848
• 1849 saw an increase in Californias population
• People were moving to mine for gold

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Wilmot Proviso

• Proposed that none of the territories gained by
  the U.S. war with Mexico be open to slavery

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