The Age of Realism

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The Age of Realism

• The Literature of the Late Nineteenth Century
• 1865-1900

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The Age of Realism Marked by the End of
the Civil War 1861-1865

• Cost of the Civil War
• The Human Cost
• 1,094,543 Casualties
• The North lost one out of ten
• 110,100 in battle
• 224,580 to disease

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The Age of Realism Marked by the End of
the Civil War 1861-1865

• The South lost one out of four
• 94,000 in battle
• 64,000 to disease
• Two percent of US population died in the Civil
  War, with only WWII claiming more lives
• Economic Cost
• Estimated at 6.6 billion, which would be 165
  billion today

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By the End of the Civil War

• The Emancipation Proclamation and 13th Amendment
  had abolished slavery
• The industrial North had defeated the agrarian
  South
• Social order grew based on mass labor and mass
  consumption
• Steam power replaced water power
• Machines replaced hand labor
• The Industrial Revolution had begun

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The Effects of The Industrial Revolution

• Migration from rural to urban areas
• Independent, skilled workers replaced by
  semi-skilled laborers
• Large corporations were established, devaluing
  the personal relationship between management and
  workers or company and customers.

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Political Upheaval

• Political power shifted to the laboring classes
• Political patronage and graft caused civic
  corruption
• The power of the federal government expanded
  during the Civil War
• National conscription laws
• Federal income taxes levied
• Paper money backed by federal government rather
  than individual states issued.

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Mass Communication and Migration

• Coast-to-coast communication
• Pony Express (1860)