WWII

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WWII
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Causes of WWII

• 1) Great Depression Worldwide economic crisis
  puts too much stress on many countries
• 2) Treaty of Versailles Unfair treaty after WWI
  punished Germany too severely
• 3) Failure of the League of Nations League was
  too weak to stop Japanese, Italian, German
  aggression
• 4) Japanese Aggression Japanese military takes
  over Manchuria (part of China 1931)

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Causes of WWII

• 5) Italian Aggression Italy attacks Ethiopia
  1935
• 6) German Aggression After taking Austria and
  Czechoslovakia, Hitler invades Poland

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The World in the 1930s

• The Soviet Union
• Ruled by dictator Joseph Stalin
• Totalitarian government the government and every
  aspect of the peoples lives is controlled by one
  party
• 5 year plans forced USSR to modernize
• Execution torture of political enemies

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Italy

• Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in power
• Fascism militarism, extreme nationalism (my
  country is always right) and total loyalty to the
  leader Il Duce
• Invaded and took over Ethiopia 1935

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Germany

• Adolph Hitler Nazi Party came to power by
  blaming Jews for Treaty of Versailles along with
  most of Germany's problems
• Fascist Government
• German invasion of Poland caused WWII in Europe

• Germany kept taking more and more land from its
  neighbors while the League of Nations did
  nothing. Rhineland, Sudetenland, Austria

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Japan

• Depression hurt Japanese economy
• Military took over
• Emperor Hirohito
• Superior Japanese would conquer all of Asia
• Invaded Manchuria, China 1931

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USA

• President FDR
• Foreign policy of isolationism (WWI)
• Focused on Western Hemisphere
• Good Neighbor policy in Latin America

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WWII Begins

• 1937 Asia
• Japan begins total war with China
• The Rape of Nanking 300,000 civilians POWs
  killed in 6 weeks

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Europe

• Hitler kept taking more and more land
• UK France thought he would stop
• Agreed to give Czechoslovakia to Germany
• Appeasement at Munich

Peace in our time.
Sucker!
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War in Europe

• Summer, 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
• September, 1939 -Blitzkrieg- Germany Invades
  Poland. England France declare war on Germany
  its allies Italy Japan.
• 1940 Germany Invades France successfully using
  Manstein Plan (like Schleiffen Plan)

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• Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

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German Invasion of Poland
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Germany Conquers France using Manstein Plan
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Axis vs. Allies

• Axis
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

• Allies
• England
• France
• USSR
• USA

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US Moves Toward War

• 1) Cash Carry, Old Destroyers to UK.
• 2) More for the military, 1st peace-time draft
  declared
• 3) June 1941 Hitler launches surprise attack on
  Soviet Union breaking non-aggression pact
• 4) Lend-Lease Act March 1941, allowed US to sell
  or lease military supplies to the Allies
  including U.S.S.R.
• Is this isolationism?

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On December 7th 1941 the Japanese Navy attacked
the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
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The U.S.S. Arizona continues to leak oil in this
2004 photograph
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WHY did the Japanese attack the United States?
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Because

• 1) The U.S, was conducting an embargo which kept
  the Japanese from acquiring the raw materials and
  petroleum they needed to keep their war machine
  going
• 2) The Japanese knew that war with the U.S. was
  inevitable, so they hoped to destroy our navy
  before the war started.

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Results of the Attack

• 2,388 people were killed and another 1,178 were
  wounded.
• Though the U.S. Navy lost several ships and many
  planes, the damages were not critical.
• Did not damage aircraft carriers. The US will
  use those carriers to defeat Japan in a few years

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Reactions to the attack
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Reactions to the attack

• US citizens want revenge

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Reactions to the attack

• Congress declares war on Japan
• Germany and Italy declare war on US

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The United States Goes to War

• Training Army, Navy, Air Force bases
  constructed all over the country to train combat
  troops.
• Women joined armed forces, not allowed in combat,
  many female pilots used for cargo flights

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Production

• Government takes control of economy during the
  war
• War Production Board government agency in charge
  of the economy. Helped factories convert to
  making military goods
• Unemployment went way down, production went way
  up, Depression over

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Rationing

• Most factories were producing military goods, so
  consumer goods became scarce.
• The government limited amount of goods people
  could buy. Americans had to use coupons to buy
  many products. No coupons no products
• Victory Gardens Americans encouraged to grow
  their own food
• Government paid for the war by raising taxes and
  selling bonds

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Women the Economy

• Similar to WWI, many women worked in factories
  producing military goods.
• Over 5 million women worked
• Many won better wages hours
• War work made women more confident in themselves

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African Americans

• Many African Americans joined the segregated
  military
• Similar to WWI, many African Americans moved to
  northern cities for factory work
• Double V Campaign Victory in war victory
  against discrimination at home. Reduced job
  discrimination
• African Americans served in all branches of armed
  forces
• Tuskegee Airmen group of very successful, heroic
  African American fighter pilots

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Japanese Internment
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Because Pearl Harbor was a sneak attack
Americans began to distrust Americans of Japanese
or even Chinese descent.
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There were rumors that Japanese-American citizens
would spy for Japan or sabotage the war effort.
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The U.S. government decided to lock up any
Japanese-Americans for the duration of the war.
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Internment camps were set-up in isolated areas of
the country
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Japanese-Americans were rounded and sent by train
to their new homes
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120,000 Japanese-Americans were placed in camps
for the duration of the war.
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More Discrimination

• German Italian Americans also faced
  discrimination
• Curfews, job discrimination
• 11,000 Germans several hundred
  Italian-Americans locked up for the war

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Mexican Americans the Bracero Program

• US didnt have enough workers
• 1942 treaty with Mexico allowed businesses to
  bring in Mexican laborers The Bracero Program
• Led to racial tension fights between Mexicans
  Anglos in the Southwest
• Many Mexican-Americans served in military

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Major Battles Turning Points

• Siege of Stalingrad Nazis running out of oil.
  Need to get oil in Caspian Sea. Cant conquer
  Stalingrad. 900 day siege, Nazis fail. 1
  million Soviets die.

Stalingrad
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Stalingrad

• Important because the Soviets did not allow the
  Nazis to get the oil that their war machine
  needed.
• Tide of war began turning in favor of the Allies

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The Japanese in the Pacific

• By 1942 the Japanese controlled much of the
  Pacific
• US Navy (aircraft carriers) started to turn the
  tide at the Battle of Wake Island

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Battle of El Alamein

• British defeat Germans in Africa
• Beat German General Erwin Rommel
• Saved supply route
• Cut Nazis off from oil

Allied Supplies
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Invasion of Italy, 1943

• Combined British American invasion of Italy
  didnt go very well, but it stretched the German
  army very thin

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Invasion of Normandy (D-Day), 1944

• Allies invade France to free it from German
  control
• Created 2 Front war for Germany
• Germany will soon be overpowered by Allies

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Allies Win, FDR Dies

• 1944 British, Americans, Soviets all close in on
  Berlin
• Hitler commits suicide in bunker, Germans
  surrender.
• FDR wins re-election in 1944, dies in 1945.
  Harry S Truman becomes President

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War in the Pacific

• A. US Goals
• i. Regain the Philippines
• ii. Invade the Japanese Islands

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War in the Pacific

• B. Island Hopping invade Japan by capturing
  islands in the Pacific along the way

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Island Hopping

• i. Navajo code-talkers help US forces communicate
  without Japanese interception

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Island Hopping

• ii. Gen. MacArthur leads US forces to victory in
  Philippines, Iwo Jima, Okinawa

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II. Surrender of Japan

1. Potsdam Declaration Allies demand unconditional
   surrender or Japan will face, prompt and utter
   destruction.
2. Enola Gay drops 1st atomic bomb on Hiroshima,
   Japan 70,000 people killed instantly. 3 days
   later another a-bomb dropped on Nagasaki. 40,000
   people killed instantly. Many more people die
   later from radiation poisoning.

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The Atomic Bomb
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The Holocaust

• 6 million Jews, 5 million Gypsies, communists,
  homosexuals, mentally physically disabled,
  POWs, etc.
• Over 11 million people systematically murdered by
  the Nazi regime of Germany

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The Nuremberg Trials

• War crimes trials
• 1945-1946 The Allies put Nazi leaders on trial
  for the atrocities of the Holocaust
• I was just following orders not an excuse
• 12 Nazi leaders hanged for their crimes