Teacher notes

1
Teacher notes

• Teach as double to use resources to complete
  double-bubble map of Yalta and Potsdam.
• Teach single on did attitude change between
  Yalta and Potsdam? hot seat Truman and Stalin
  (Berlin split and Atomic Bomb).

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The American Way and the Russian Way
The American way The Russian Way
The USA is a country. Industry, agriculture, banks and businesses are all owned. Americans are free to . In terms of politics, there are a number of parties to vote for in fair elections, so the people choose or elect their People have rights, there is not control of the media like papers or radio, the people are For example they have .. The Soviet Union was a country. Here the state owned and controlled all ............ There was no such thing as private enterprise. Individuals were also not free to The leader was a and his word was law. There were no free or fair elections to choose who ruled Russia. There was only political party. Russians had no They could not say, read or write what they wanted. The Government controlled all
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Yalta to Potsdam!

• L/O
• To explain how the Potsdam Conference helped
  cause the Cold War!
• To evaluate how things changed from Yalta to
  Potsdam.

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Who The Big Three at Yalta
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain
Josef Stalin, Leader of Russia (the Soviet Union)
Franklin Roosevelt, the President of the USA
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The Big Three at Potsdam
After the death of Roosevelt and Churchills
defeat in an election, the Big Three changed.
Josef Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union ( Russia
)
Clement Atlee The Prime Minister of Britain
Harry Truman, The President of the United States
6
Use the resources around the room and your work
from last lesson to help you complete the mindmap
about the Yalta conference.
What
When
Disagreements
YALTA
Where
Agreements
Who
Why
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Yalta February 1945

• What was the Yalta Conference?
• This was a conference between the Big three
  leaders.
• When was the conference held?
• It was held during the war in February 1945 (near
  the end of WW2).
• Why was it held?
• It was held to make plans for the future of
  Europe once they had defeated Hitler and the
  Germans. On the surface, the Yalta conference
  seemed successful.

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Who The Big Three at Yalta
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of Britain
Josef Stalin, Leader of Russia (the Soviet Union)
Franklin Roosevelt, the President of the USA
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• Stalin.
• Leader of the Soviet Union.
• Did not fully trust the British or Americans
  after previous events before and during the war
  made him think they disliked communism.
• Stalin had seen Russia invaded twice by Germany
  in 30 years and he was determined that this
  should not happen again. He wanted a buffer zone
  of friendly countries between Germany and Russia.

• Franklin Roosevelt.
• President of the USA since 1933.
• Wanted a peaceful world and an end to fascism
  (Nazism).
• Did not want Russia to have a free hand over the
  future of Poland.
• Roosevelt was unhappy over Stalins attitude . He
  thought the Russians did not carrying out
  agreements made at Yalta.

The Big Three at Yalta

• Winston Churchill.
• Led Britain through the tough war time years.
• opposed to Nazi and Communist dictatorships.
• Did not trust Stalin.

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Yalta Agreements

• The Allies agreed on plans that would lead to
• Setting up a United Nations peace keeping
  organisation that would include Russia.
• Dividing Germany into four zones, which
  Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would
  occupy after the war.
• Putting Nazi war-criminals to trial.
• Setting up a Polish Provisional or temporary
  Government of National Unity 'pledged to the
  holding of free and fair elections as soon as
  possible'.
• Helping the freed peoples of Europe set up
  democratic (fair) governments.
• Russia joining in the war against Japan as soon
  as Germany was defeated.

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Yalta disagreements

• But, behind the scenes, tension was growing. The
  Big Three disagreed over the future of Poland.
• Stalin wanted Poland to be ruled by the
  communists, Roosevelt and Churchill wanted a
  non-communist government. Stalin did agree to
  have an all-party temporary government in Poland.
  Stalin also wanted Poland to takeover a part of
  eastern Germany by moving Polands border with
  Germany further west.
• After the conference, Churchill wrote to
  Roosevelt that The Soviet union has become a
  danger to the free world.

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Now complete a brainstorm for the Potsdam
Conference using the resources around the room
and your book.
What
When
Disagreements
POTSDAM
Where
Agreements
Who
Why
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Compare Yalta and Potsdam
Colour similarities in one colour and differences
in another.
Decide future of Europe
Decide future of Europe
What
When
When
Disagre- ements
Disagre- ements
YALTA
POTSDAM
Where
Where
Agree ments
Agree ments
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
Atlee Truman Stalin
Who
Why
Look at the agreements and differences what is
similar and different about them?
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Why was Potsdam less successful than Yalta?

• Source B
• The Russians only understand one language - how
  many armies have you got? 
• Im tired of babying the Soviets.
• President Truman, writing in January 1946
• Source C
• What is surprising about the fact that the Soviet
  Union, worried about its future safety, wants
  governments friendly to it in Finland, Poland and
  Romania?
• Stalin, writing in March 1946
• Source D
• In this marriage of convenience, the thought
  that a divorce was inevitable had been in the
  mind of each partner from the beginning.
• Written by the historian, Isaac Deutscher,

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Resources on each conference
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Potsdam

• What was the Potsdam Conference?
• This was a conference at Potsdam near Berlin. It
  was between the Big three leaders.
• When was the conference held?
• It was held after the Germans had surrendered and
  Hitler had been defeated in May 1945.
• Why was it held?
• It was held to decide the plans for the how to
  keep peace after WW2 and what the future of
  Europe should look like.

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The Big Three at Potsdam
After the death of Roosevelt and Churchills
defeat in an election, the Big Three changed.
Josef Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union ( Russia
)
Clement Atlee The Prime Minister of Britain
Harry Truman, The President of the United States
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Potsdam What was it?

• America had a new president, Truman, who was
  determined to get tough with the Russians. When
  President Truman went to the Potsdam Conference,
  he knew that America had tested the Worlds first
  atomic bomb. It gave the Americans a huge
  military advantage over everyone else. Despite
  being allies Truman did not tell Stalin about
  Americas Atom Bomb - something which angered
  Stalin when the Americans used the atomic bomb at
  Hiroshima.
• Stalin invited the non-Communist Polish leaders
  to meet him in March 1945 and arrested them.
  Stalin therefore broke the Yalta agreement.
• By July 1945 much of Eastern Europe had been
  freed or liberated from Nazi control by the
  Russian Red Army. Russia was therefore in
  control of Eastern Europe.
• At Potsdam, the arguments between the Big Three
  came out into the open.

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The Big Three at Potsdam

• Harry Truman
• Took over as President of the USA after Roosevelt
  died in April 1945. He was less trusting of the
  Russians than Roosevelt .
• Weve got to stop babying the Soviets
• We have got to get tough with the Russians they
  dont know how to behave

• Clement Atlee
• Took over as prime Minister from Churchill.
• Atlee was a bit of an unknown and not an
  experienced world leader.

• Josef Stalin
• Powerful dictator and leader of Russia.
• By July 1945 he was perhaps the strongest of the
  Big Three.
• He was determined to make sure Russia was in a
  much stronger position after the war and that
  Russia would be surrounded by friendly countries.
• His Red Army was in control of Eastern Europe.

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Potsdam Agreements

• The Conference agreed to
• Split Germany into 4 zones of occupation.
• Ban and destroy the Nazi Party, government and
  laws. Control German education system to
  eliminate Nazi ideas .
• Accept the Polish Provisional Government of
  National Unity and hold free and fair elections
  as soon as possible.
• Move the Polish border with Germany further west
  to the rivers Oder Neisse.
• Allow Russia to take reparations ( compensation )
  from the Soviet Zone of Germanry, and also 10 of
  the industrial equipment of the western zones as
  reparations. Allow America and Britain to take
  reparations from their zones if they wished.
• Allow Germans living in Poland, Hungary and
  Czechoslovakia to return to Germany.

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Potsdam Disagreements

• President Truman said the Potsdam agreement was a
  compromise.
•  
• The Allies had disagreed openly about
• 1. The details of how to divide Germany.
• 2. The size of reparations Germany ought to pay.
  Russia wanted to punish Germany but Truman would
  not let Russia take huge reparations.
• 3. Russian influence over the countries of
  eastern Europe. Britain America wanted more say
  over the future. They did not agree that Russia
  had a right to have a greater influence over the
  East they feared he would introduce communism
  into the countries Russia occupied.

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The Big Three Allies agreed to divide Germany
into 4 zones after the war
GERMANY DIVIDED INTO 4 ZONES
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The Allies also agreed that the German city of
Berlin that was in the Russian zone of Germany
would also be divided into 4 zones each
controlled by Britain , France , America and
Russia.
BERLIN DIVIDED INTO 4 ZONES
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Why did the USA-USSR relationship breakdown 1945?

• Personalities
• Actions by the USA
• Actions by the USSR
• Misunderstandings

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Truman held an ace card that gave him confidence
to make demands of the other leaders. America
had developed the atomic bomb the most powerful
and destructive bomb ever made. At this point in
time the atomic bomb was solely in the hands of
the United States government.
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At Potsdam America becomes more powerful.

• During the Potsdam conference, Truman mentioned
  to Stalin about an unspecified "powerful new
  weapon" Stalin knew what Truman was talking
  about through Russian spies inside the USA.
• Stalin encouraged the use of any weapon that
  would quickly end of the war.
• Towards the end of the Potsdam conference, Japan
  was given an ultimatum prompt and utter
  destruction or surrender .
• After Japan rejected Americas ultimatum two
  atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and
  Nagasaki on August 6 and August 9 respectively.
  Truman made the decision to use atomic weapons to
  end the war while at the conference.

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How did the major countries feel at the Potsdam
Conference (after the end of WW2)?

• Attitudes changes between the Yalta and Potsdam
  conferences because
• The War had ended (and there was more to decide
  in the future of Europe).
• Truman was now a more forceful US president (than
  Roosevelt had been).
• Stalin had not kept to the agreements made at
  Yalta, e.g. he said he would allow an election in
  Poland but it was actually rigged he started
  setting up communist governments in the Eastern
  Countries, but this hadnt been agree to at
  Yalta.
• It was more difficult to come to agreements they
  couldnt agree on how much Germany should pay in
  reparations they couldnt decide how to divide
  Germany they couldnt agree on the types of
  Governments (communist or capitalist) that should
  be introduced into previously occupied countries
  (those that had been captured by the Germans), .
• Truman held the ace card America had the
  threat of the Atomic bomb as a bargaining tool.

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How did the major countries feels at the Potsdam
Conference (after the end of WW2)?

• Use these words to fill in the gaps - powerful,
  lenient, communist, American way, fear, free,
  trust, Eastern Europe.
• America has to stop babying the Soviets.
  Roosevelt has been too ________ on Russia, I do
  not _________ Stalin and the Russians.
• Me and the other US politicians _______ that
  France and other countries in Europe will become
  _________ but this is against the __________
  ____, it does not let people be ______.
• The Russians are already too _______, they have
  control of _________ _______, we dont want them
  to spread communism.

• Use these words to fill in the gaps money,
  control, west, friendly, communist, blood,
  protect, invaded.
• Russia needs to be surrounded by _________
  countries too much Russian ______ had been lost
  in wars that started with us being __________
  from the _____. We just want to create other
  _________ countries around us which we know we
  can trust and who will __________ us, like a
  _________ _____.
• America just wants to ________ European business
  by selling goods here they are greedy and hungry
  for _______.

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What is the meaning of this source?
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How would you answer these questions?

• Why did the Potsdam Conference signal the end of
  good relations between East and West? (6)