First Aid Day IV Objectives

1
First Aid Day IV Objectives

• The student will be able to identify the
  different Types of Burns
• The student will be able to Treat for Burns
• The student will be able to identify the term
  Critical Burns
• The student will be able to identify Head and
  Spinal Injuries
• The student will be able to provide Treatment for
  Head and Spinal Injury
• SOLs 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a,
  9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2
Bell Ringer 4Oh, Noodles

• Scenario 4
• Matt is trying his hand at cooking again. He has
  decided to make spaghetti for his parents, but
  when he goes to take the lid off of the boiling
  water for the noodles, his hand gets burned by
  steam.  What degree of burn does Matt have, and
  what could possibly stop the pain?
• Describe what steps you would take to help Matt
  and why you would take these actions.

3
BURNS

• Overview
• 1st Degree
• 2nd Degree
• 3rd Degree

4
Caring for Burns (COPY)

• Cool water and compresses
• Reduce further damage
• Alleviate pain
• Aid healing process
• No creams until burn has cooled
• Activate EMS and monitor victims of severe burns

5
Burn Care Precautions (COPY)

• Use clean coverings to protect burned areas
• Do NOT remove materials that stick to a burn
• Do NOT apply water to 3rd or sever 2nd degree
  burns
• Do NOT break blisters

6
1st Degree Burns (COPY)

• Sunburn, hot object, or household chemical
• Damage to epidermis
• Swelling and tenderness
• Red and dry
• Usually painful

7
Respond 1st Degree Burns (COPY)

• Cool Area
• Water or cool cloths until pain ceases
• Assist with medication
• Ibuprofen, aloe vera, moisturizer
• Monitor and care
• Elevate arms or legs if burned

8
2nd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Partial Thickness can be very painful
• Damage to several layers beneath the epidermis
• Red and swollen and may blister and weep
• Leave blisters intact

9
Respond 2nd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Small lt20 of body
• Cool with water
• Assist with medication (topical cream and
  ibuprofen)
• Bandage and protect lightly-dry, non-sticking
  bandage
• Large gt20 of body
• Treat as a 3rd degree burn

10
3rd Degree Burn (COPY)

• Full Thickness
• Penetrate all layers of skin and damage tissue of
  fat, muscle, bone, or nerves
• Leathery, waxy, pearly gray, or charred
  appearance
• Often painless since nerves are damaged
• Pain usually comes from surrounding tissue

11
Respond 3rd Degree Burns (COPY)

• Do NOT apply cold water
• Bandage and protect
• Dry, non-stick, sterile dressing to reduce oxygen
  to the wound
• Do not remove items stuck to burn
• Care for shock
• Activate EMS-get medical help immediately

12
Chemical Burns (COPY)

• Clean injury
• Flush with water or brush off and remove
  contaminated clothing
• Bandage and Protect
• Loosely with sterile bandage or clean cloth

13
Electrical Burns (COPY)

• May have entry and exit points and can impact
  heart rhythm
• Monitor and care for shock and seek medical
  attention immediately
• Bandage and Protect
• Cover entry and exit wounds with a dry/sterile
  dressing
• Disconnect any power source before approaching
  scene of an electrical burn

14
Severity of Burns

• Seek medical attention if unsure about severity
• Degree 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree
• Temperature of the source
• Location
• Age elderly or young child
• Exposure how long
• Size and amount

15
Critical Burns (COPY)

• Potentially Life
• Sensitive areas
• Mouth and nose
• Multiple areas
• Breathing difficulty
• Very old or young victims
• Chemicals, electricity, or explosives

16
HEAD AND SPINAL INJURIES

• Overview
• Can result in paralysis, speech or memory
  problems, permanent disability, and death.
• Can damage fragile bone and soft tissue including
  brain and spinal cord
• Skull fracture --Eye injury
• Brain injury --Nose injury
• Spinal injury --Dental injury

17
Central Nervous System (CNS) (COPY)

• Made up of skull and spinal
• column
• Skull protects the brain
• Spinal column protects the
• primary communication
• pathway between the brain
• and rest of the body

18
Skull Fracture (COPY)

• Force impacting the head can damage the nervous
  system. Can be life-threatening
• Pain at site of impact
• Deformity of skull
• Bleeding from eyes, ears, and scalp
• Leakage of clear, watery fluid
• Discoloration around eyes
• Penetrating objects

19
Respond Skull Fracture (COPY)

• Control bleeding pressure around edge of wound
• Bandage and Protect sterile dressing
• Stabilize head and neck against movement
• Call EMS

20
Brain Injuries (COPY)

• Brain bounces against the inside of the skull
• There is no room for swelling so concussions
  occur
• If brain injury is suspected have victim rest and
  activate EMS

21
Assess Brain Injury (COPY)

• Confusion/Disorientation
• Headache
• Emotional Unease
• Visual Disturbances

22
Respond Brain Injuries (COPY)

• Control bleeding
• Monitor and Care
• Head slightly elevated unless spinal injury is
  suspected
• Call EMS

23
Spinal Injuries (COPY)

• Can be identified after a head injury. Spine is
  in an abnormal position.
• Pain or weakness upon movement
• Numbness or tingling
• Weakness or lack of sensation
• Burning sensation
• Loss of bowels or bladder control
• Paralyzed arms or legs
• Head or neck at odd-looking angle

24
Respond Spinal Injury (COPY)

• Stabilize head and neck to prevent movement
• Lying down grasp head over ears and hold until
  EMS arrives
• Sitting or standing stabilize head or neck with
  hands and forearms to prevent movement
• Do NOT move
• Call EMS at once