Computer%20Science%20129

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Computer Science 129

• Science, Computing and Society
• Week 9
• Chapters 7 and 12

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GRE/GMAT WORDS

• Paucity lack of something
• Contrite to feel remorse
• Laconic using very few words
• Pugnacious verbally combative

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Chapter 7

• Artificial Neural Networks
• A collection of primitive electronic devices,
  that put together, simulate the human neural
  system
• Acts similar to sensory perception

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Chapter 7

• The most basic components of neural networks are
  modeled after the structure of the brain and,
  therefore, a great deal of neural network
  terminology is borrowed from neuroscience

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Chapter 7
The Neuron
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Chapter 7

• Artificial Neuron

The input paths look like dendrites, the
processing element looks like a soma, the output
path looks like the axon and the terminal routes
look like synapses.
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Chapter 7

• Uses for neural Networks
• Interpretation
• Prediction
• Diagnosis
• The most successful applications of neural
  networks are in categorization and pattern
  recognition

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Chapter 12

• LANDAUER PRINCIPLE
• Rolf Landauer discovered that the process of
  erasing a bit of information dissipates a small
  amount of energy as heat.

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Chapter 12

• There is a irreversible loss of useful energy in
  the universe (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)

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Chapter 12

• EDGAR ALLAN POES THE PIT AND THE PENDULUM
• TAKES PLACE IN DUNGEON DURING THE SPANISH
  INQUISITION
• LIGHT SEEPING IN GIVES NEW WAY TO VIEW HIS DUNGEON

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Chapter 12

• Poes book is all about perspective and how
  things look at different times of day or after
  different event have happened in our lives.
• Think of what the horizon looked like to men on
  ships back when they believed the earth was flat.
  They would swear they saw the end of the earth
  and they had better turn around or they would
  fall off! Now people swear they can see the
  curve of the earth ! (the earth is too large to
  see the curve of it while we are on it!!!)
• We have all been in our own rooms and the pile of
  clothes on a chair looked like something scary.
• This is all perspective. Incorporating what we
  know and what is going on in our lives.

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Chapter 12

• BIT AND THE PENDULUM
• ILLUSTRATES WAY SCIENCE SHAPES OUR REALITY
• SCIENCE IS A DESCRIPTION OF REALITY, NOT AN
  EXPLANATION OF REALITY

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Chapter 12

• SCIENCE IS NOT THE SAME THINGS AS THE REALITY IT
  DESCRIBES. THERE IS ALWAYS A GAP BETWEEN REALITY
  AND THE DESCRIPTION OF IT.

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Chapter 12

• THE UNIVERSE IS NOT
• A CLOCK
• A STEAM ENGINE
• NOR A COMPUTER
• THESE MACHINES ARE METAPHORS FOR REALITY, NOT
  REALITY ITSELF

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What You Should Know

• Define
• ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

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What You Should Know

• Define
• LANDAUERS PRINCIPLE

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What You Should Know

• List some uses for Artificial Neural Networks

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What You Should Know

• What are the 4 Principle parts of a Nerve Cell or
  Neuron

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What You Should Know

• SHORT ESSAY
• HOW DOES POES PIT AND THE PENDULUM RELATE TO
  SCIENCE AND REALITY?