(Proteins)

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• ??? ???
• (Proteins)

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???????

• ???(protein)???????(amino acids)????(peptide
  bond)??????????????

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????????

• ???C?H?O?N?S? ??????????????????????????,?
  ???????? ?

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??????
?????????
???????
????????????? ?????????(?) 6.25
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??????????

• 1. ?????? ???????
• ??????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????,??????45,????????,???????????
  ?80?

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2. ?????????????
1)???????(?) 2)?????? 3)?????? 4)???????? 5)??????
? 6)?????????
3. ????
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???????????????
???????????300??,??????????????20?,???
L-???(?????)?
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(?)??????

1. ?????????
2. ???????
3. ?????
4. ?????

20???????????????????
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1. ?????????

??? glycine Gly G 5.97
??? alanine Ala A 6.00
??? valine Val V 5.96
??? leucine Leu L 5.98
???? isoleucine Ile I 6.02
???? phenylalanine Phe F 5.48
??? proline Pro P 6.30
? ?
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2. ???????
??? tryptophan Try W 5.89
??? serine Ser S 5.68
??? tyrosine Try Y 5.66
???? cysteine Cys C 5.07
??? methionine Met M 5.74
???? asparagine Asn N 5.41
???? glutamine Gln Q 5.65
??? threonine Thr T 5.60
? ?
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3. ?????
???? aspartic acid Asp D 2.97
??? glutamic acid Glu E 3.22
4. ?????
??? lysine Lys K 9.74
??? arginine Arg R 10.76
??? histidine His H 7.59
? ?
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???????

• ???
• (????)

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? ????
???
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(?)????????
1. ????????
?????????,?????????????????
???(isoelectric point, pI) ???pH????,?????????
????????????,??????,??????????pH????????????
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pHgtpI
pHpI
pHltpI
????????
???
???
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2. ????
?????????????? 280 nm ???
????????????????,?????????280nm???????????????????
???
???????????
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3. ?????
????????????,?????????,???????570nm???????????????
???????,???????????????
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?????(ninhydrin reaction)
??? ??? ???(???) ?
2
??? ????????
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???????????????????
(?)?(peptide)
??(peptide bond)?????????-???????????-??????????
????
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??????
??
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????????????????????
????????????,?????????????
??????????????????(oligopeptide),???????????????
?(polypeptide)?
????????????????????,????????(residue)?
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???(polypeptide chain)??????????????????????
??????
N ?????????????? C ??????????????
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N??
C??
??????
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(?) ???????

• 1. ????(glutathione, GSH)

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NADP
GSH?????
GSH???
NADPHH
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2. ?????????

• ????????????

• ???(neuropeptide)

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??? ????????The Molecular Structure of Protein
?????????? ????(primary
structure) ????(secondary structure) ????(tertiary
structure) ????(quaternary structure)
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??????????
?? ????????(primary structure)????????????????????
?????? ??,????????????
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????????????????????????
? ?
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(?)???????????(??)

• ??????
• N???????????????
• ?????
• ???????
• ???????????
• ??????????????
• ?????(1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene)
  ?
• ??? (dansyl chloride)?
• ????????????????
• ???????????????
• Edman???????????????
• ????????????,?????????

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??????????
??
??????????????????,??????????????????,????????????
?? ?
?????? ??
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(?)???
?????6???C?1?C?O?N?H?C?2??????,C?1?C?2????????????
(trans)??,???????6???????????? (peptide unit) ?
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????????????

• ?-?? ( ? -helix )
• ?-?? ( ?-pleated sheet )
• ?-?? ( ?-turn )
• ???? ( random coil )

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(?) ?-??
? ?
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?-???????
1.???? 2.?3.6?????????,???0.54 nm,???????0.15
nm 3.???????? 4.????????????-??
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(?)?-??
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(?)?-???????
?-??
?????????????????????????
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??(motif)
???
?-??
?????????? ??,?????(?? 2?3?)??????? ??????,???? ?
????????? ??????????? ???????
???
???
N
?-??
C
HTH??????? ??-??-?????2?????1???????HTH???DNA?????
????????,??DNA???????HTH??,???????DNA?????????????
,??HTG????3.4nm,?DNA?????,?????DNA????????????HTH?
???20????????,?1?????7??????, ????4??????,?2?????9
????????2?????DNA????,???DNA???????
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??????????
??
???????????????????????????????????????
??????
??????????? Van der Waals???
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? ?
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???? (Mb)
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(?)????????
??????????????????????,???????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????Van der
Waals??????
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???????????
????(collagen) ????,???????,??????????????
?????? (tropocollagen),?????????????? ?????????
??????????????????? ?????,?????????????
??? ?? ?-?-Y??-X-?(X?Y???????)?
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????????????
? ? ? ?
?(?????) 88.0 ??
86.0 ?? 71.9 ??
68.1 ??
46?63 ?? 17.0 ???
12 ?24 ?
3.9
????????,??????????,?????????? ?,?????????25?3
0??????????????,??? ?????,???????????????????????
??, ??????????? ?
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(?)?????????
????????? ?????????????????????????????????,?3???
???????????????????????(????),??
?-?-Y??-X-????????????,????R????????,?????????????
???,??????????????????????????????,????????????
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? ? ?
??????????? The Relation of Structure and
Function of Protein
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???????????????
(?)????????????
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????,?????
????? ß-????
??? ß-????
?????,???
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(?)??????????
?????????
??????????????????,??????
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???????????????
? ?
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(?)?????????????

• Hb?Mb???????O2??, Hb?O2???????Hb???Hb??Hb????(????
  ??)?O2????????

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????(Mb)?????(Hb)??????
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C
93
D
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F
E
G
B
H
A
????????? ???????????8??-??,?????A?B?C?D?E?F?G?H
??????E?F??,F8?93(??)?Fe???5?????
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??????????
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(?)??????????
?????(prion protein, PrP)?????????????????
???????????????????(prion,PrPsc)????????(PrPc)????
????????????? ???????????,???????????????,
???????????,????????????????????????,?????????????
,???????????,?????????????
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????? (???-????)
????????? (???-??)
??????????????????
???(PrPsc)????,??????????????(PrPc)??? ????-????
?-?????????,???????????????? ??????,??????????????
???,????????, ?????,?????????????????????????????
?,????????????,????????????
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??? ?????????????????
??????????
1. ????????
???
???
???
OH-
H
???
???
???
OH-
H
??????????
?????????
?????????
????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
?????
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2??????????
??????????????????,????????????,??????????????,???
??????????(???????????)?????????????????????????
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3. ???????? ????,
????1100nm 4. ????????
??????????????,280 nm?? ?????? 5. ????????
?????(biuret test)?????,Cu2 ????????????????????
?????(Lowry test)????????????Cu2????????,?
??????????????????????????????????????(??)
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?????????????
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(?)?????????
?? ????????????????
?????? ?????????,???????
???????
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(?)?????????????
??(centrifugation) ????????????????,????
???????? ?????? ????? lt10 000
rpm ????? 20 000-25 000 rpm ?????
gt50 000 rpm
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??(ultrafiltration) ???????,?????????????? ?
???,????????,?????????? ??,????????????????????? ?
??,???????????????
?????
?????????
???
?????
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????(gel filtration) ???????????,???????
??? ????(??????),??????????? ?,????????????????,??
??? ????,?????????????????? ??,????????????,?????
??, ??????,????????????????? ?????
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(?)??????????????
???????????pH?????????????????,???????????
?????? ?????? ?? ?????
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??? ????(proteome) ?
?????(proteomics)
??????????????????????? ???,???????,???????
???????.
??????????? ???????????????????????
???????????????????? ????,??????????
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???? ???????????????????????,?? ??????????????
???????????? mRNA??,????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????,???????????????????????????????
?????????,??????????????????(?????????)??????????
????????????(??????)?????????????????????????(??
?)??????????????? ??,???????????????????????,???
?????????????????????
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????? ???????????,???????????????????,??????????
?
????????????(functional proteomics) ???????(struct
ural proteomics) ???????????(subcellular
proteomics) ??????????(disease proteomics) ??
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?????????,?????????????????? ?????????????
?????,??????????? 1959?,?????????????,????????????
?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????? ????????1965??????????????????,? ????
?????????????????????????? ??????????????,????????
??????? ??,??????,????????????????,??? ???????????
?? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????,? ?????
???????? ????????
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???

1. ??????????????
2. ???????????????
3. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
   a-???????????
4. ??????????????????????????
5. ???????????????????????PI ???????????????
6. ????????????
7. ???????????????????????????????????????????.