Rise of New Leaders

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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during
the 1930s
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Black Tuesday 1929- stock market
crashes
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depressionduring 1930s
Totalitarianism
Increasing influence of new political parties
that emphasize state control-For example
Communism, Nazism, Fascism
Total Controlof State by aDictator
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Totalitarianism

• Government establishes complete control of all
  aspects of the state(political, military,
  economy, social, cultural)
• Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies,
  uniforms)
• Strict controls and laws
• Military state (secret police, army, military)
• Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
• Propaganda (media radio, newspapers, posters)
• One leader (dictator) charismatic
• Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
• Terror and Fear

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Totalitarianism
These theories, specifically Communism and
Fascism, are completely different theories that
are bitterly opposed however they exhibit the
same behaviour
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Communism

• I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet
  Union from 1922-1953.
• What is Communism?
• LEFT WING
• based on theory by Karl Marx
• revolutionary idea of a political,
  economic and social system that creates a
  classless society
• state ownership and control of the means of
  production (no private ownership)
• Soviet Communism or Stalinism, was more of
  a totalitarian and military state combined
  with elements of communism

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Fascism

• I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of
  Italy from 1922 to 1943.
• What is Fascism?
• RIGHT WING
• intense nationalism and elitism
• totalitarian control
• interests of the state more important than
  individual rights
• maintain class system and private ownership

Interesting Fact Fascism name was derived from
the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority
consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax
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Nazism

• I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or
  dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
• What is Nazism?
• extremely fascist , nationalistic and
  totalitarian
• based on beliefs of the National Socialist
  German Workers Party
• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan,
  the master race
• belief that all Germans should have lebensraum
  or living space in Europe
• Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germanys
  problems on them

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Nazi Controls

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Nazi Military State

• GESTAPO the Secret State Police
• SS (Schutzstaffel) Defense Corps black
  shirts, an elite guard unit formed out of the
  SA
• SA (Sturmabteilung) Stormtroopers
  "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that
  protected leaders and opposed rival political
  parties
• Lebensraum (living space) concept that
  emphasized need for territorial expansion of
  Germany into east
• Wehrmacht German army
• HJ (Hitler Jugend) Hitler Youth
• Einstazgruppen Nazi Death Squad mobile
  killing units
• Volk all inclusive concept of nation, people
  and race, implying the superiority of German
  culture and race led to policy of
  Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial
  Nazi community in government policies and
  programs)

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Policy of Appeasement

• Appeasement
• willingness to surrender to an aggressors
  demands to avoid war
• How was it used prior to World War II?
• Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and
  needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense
  of the smaller independent countries)
• Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by
  Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles
• Reality
• Blindness to true nature of Hitlers agenda
  program for Eastern Europe
• Irony policy used to avoid war but empowered
  Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The
  only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

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STEPS TO WAR
How did World War II begin? How did
appeasement contribute to World War
II?http//www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/histo
ry/history/quotes.pdf - see for primary source
quotes
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