Rise of New Leaders

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Rise of New Leaders and Ideas in Europe during
the 1930s
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Democracy

• Rule by the people
• Civil Rights
• Representative democracy
• Capitalism private business, no government
  ownership, free market
• Rule of Law

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Canada and USA, 1930s

• Mired in a Depression
• High Unemployment
• Poverty
• Hunger
• Was capitalism failing?! Was democracy in
  Danger?!

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in other parts of the world

• No!
• Democracy was kept safe here . . .

But
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Who Would You Vote For?
Contestant 1 I am a womanizer, have
self-interested policies and unfortunately
suffer from ailing health.


Contestant 2I have a drinking habit and a
defiant tongue or attitude
Contestant 3I am a decorated war hero, do not
drink and want to create a stable economy
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Who Did You Vote For?

Contestant 3


Contestant 2
Contestant 1
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Black Tuesday 1929- stock market
crashes
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depressionduring 1930s
Totalitarianism
Increasing influence of new political parties
that emphasize state control-For example
Communism, Nazism, Fascism
Total Controlof State by aDictator
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Totalitarianism

• What is it?
• Describe its characteristics

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Totalitarianism

• Government establishes complete control of all
  aspects of the state(political, military,
  economy, social, cultural)
• Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies,
  uniforms)
• Strict controls and laws
• Military state (secret police, army, military)
• Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)
• Propaganda (media radio, newspapers, posters)
• One leader (dictator) charismatic
• Total conformity of people to ideas and leader
• Terror and Fear

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Totalitarianism
These theories, specifically Communism and
Fascism, are completely different theories that
are bitterly opposed however they exhibit the
same behaviour
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Communism

• I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet
  Union from 1922-1953.
• What is Communism?
• LEFT WING
• based on theory by Karl Marx
• revolutionary idea of a political,
  economic and social system that creates a
  classless society
• state ownership and control of the means of
  production (no private ownership)
• Soviet Communism or Stalinism, was more of
  a totalitarian and military state combined
  with elements of communism

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Fascism

• I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of
  Italy from 1922 to 1943.
• What is Fascism?
• RIGHT WING
• intense nationalism and elitism
• totalitarian control
• interests of the state more important than
  individual rights
• maintain class system and private ownership

Interesting Fact Fascism name was derived from
the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority
consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax
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Nazism

• I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or
  dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945.
• What is Nazism?
• extremely fascist , nationalistic and
  totalitarian
• based on beliefs of the National Socialist
  German Workers Party
• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan,
  the master race
• belief that all Germans should have lebensraum
  or living space in Europe
• Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germanys
  problems on them

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Japan

• Militarism
• War is main policy of government
• Use of force to reach goals
• Strong Army

Rising Sun Japanese Imperial Flag
Emperor Hirohito
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Hideki Tojo

• Preached virtues of territorial expansion
• Needed to conquer gain more land
• Japan poor in natural resources
• Claimed Japans destiny was to drive out the
  western colonial powers and rule all of Asia
• Censored media and demanded total obedience

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Spain

• Spanish Civil War, 1936
• Francisco Franco vs. Republic Government
• Spain the place to stop the rise of Fascism?
• Democracies looked the other way, remained
  neutral (U.S., Britain, France)
• Hitler aided Franco, tested out
  strategies/weapons for future conflicts in his
  quest to enlarge Germany

Falange
Francisco Franco
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Nazi Controls

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Nazi Military State

• GESTAPO the Secret State Police
• SS (Schutzstaffel) Defense Corps black
  shirts, an elite guard unit formed out of the
  SA
• SA (Sturmabteilung) Stormtroopers
  "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that
  protected leaders and opposed rival political
  parties
• Lebensraum (living space) concept that
  emphasized need for territorial expansion of
  Germany into east
• Wehrmacht German army
• HJ (Hitler Jugend) Hitler Youth
• Einstazgruppen Nazi Death Squad mobile
  killing units
• Volk all inclusive concept of nation, people
  and race, implying the superiority of German
  culture and race led to policy of
  Volksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized racial
  Nazi community in government policies and
  programs)

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKkSFIw6vePMfeatur
erelated
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The Eternal JewDepiction of a Jew holding gold
coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under
his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint
of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this
promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings,
and in some cases violence against the Jewish
community.
This Nazi propaganda poster reads, Behind the
enemy powers the Jew.
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Policy of Appeasement

• Appeasement
• willingness to surrender to an aggressors
  demands to avoid war
• How was it used prior to World War II?
• Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and
  needed to be negotiated with (even at the expense
  of the smaller independent countries)
• Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by
  Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versailles
• Reality
• Blindness to true nature of Hitlers agenda
  program for Eastern Europe
• Irony policy used to avoid war but empowered
  Hitler to continue his aggressive campaign . The
  only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.

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STEPS TO WAR
How did World War II begin? How did
appeasement contribute to World War
II?http//www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/histo
ry/history/quotes.pdf
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Reflect

• Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of
  World War II? Or appeasement?
• What do we have to remember about hindsight when
  examining history?
• Could Hitler have been stopped at any time
  prior to 1939?
• What was Canadas view of appeasement and another
  potential war? What was isolationism ?