I. The New Middle East

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I. The New Middle East
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A. The Mandate System

• 1. Mandates former Middle East colonies of
  Germany Ottomans divided by French British
• Class C Mandates colonies
• Class B Mandates given autonomy
• Class A Mandates Arab-speaking territories
• 2. British Palestine, Iraq (King Faisal),
  Trans-Jordan
• France Syria Lebanon

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B. Modern Turkey

• End of WWI Ottoman Empire collapsed
• Mustafa Kemal hero of Gallipoli campaign formed
  a nationalist government (1919) reconquered
  Anatolia
• Kemal an outspoken modernizer
• declared Turkey a secular republic
• introduced European laws
• replaced Arabic alphabet w/ Latin alphabet

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C. France its Territories

• The Maghrib (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco)
  dominated by France
• 2. Arabs Berbers discriminated against
• 3. France crushed nationalist uprisings in
  Lebanon Syria

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D. Britain its Territories

• British declared Iraq independent
• Britain declared Egypt independent (1922)

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E. The Question of Palestine

• 1. Palestine Mandate British tried to limit
  Jewish immigration in 1920s
• - alienated Jews Arabs
• - Jewish settlements established (kibbutz)

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II. Tech. Changes of Modernity
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A. Class Gender

1. Social class distinctions faded after WW I
2. 1920s women enjoyed more personal freedoms won
   right to vote (1915-1934)
3. Expanded role of government more white collar
   workers
4. working class benefitted from new machinery
   organizing work

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B. Scientific Discoveries

• The discovery of
• Sub-atomic particles
• Quantum psyics
• Einsteins theory of relativity
• Potential for dangerous sources of energy

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Father of Psychology
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C. New Technologies

• Airplanes
• Electricity
• - radio stations news, sports, soap operas,
  advertising
• Film talking pictures in Hollywood (1921)
• Health Hygiene
• Medicine
• sewage treatment systems
• indoor plumbing
• soap

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The Jazz Singer
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D. Urban ENV

• 1. Skyscrapers
• load-bearing steel frames passenger elevators
• European cities restricted building height
• 2. Automobiles
• mass-produced cars (Model T)
• construction of suburbs

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Chrysler Building