Function of Nerve System

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Function of Nerve System

• ?? ??(Mamals) ? ?? ??? brain? spinal code? ???
  ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????? ????
  ??.
• ??? ??? ????? ?? (sensory neurons) ?? ?? ??? ??,
  ???? ?????? (motor neurons)? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??
  ??. ???, ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ??
  ?? ????? ????. ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???
  ? ?? ????? ????.
• ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? (??)? ??? ????? ???, ??,
• ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ?? ?? ?? ???
• (nedocortex) ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??
• ???? ? ? ??. ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????
  ??? ?? ??????.

Cerebral cortex ????
Limbic system ???
Cerebellum
Midbrain ??
Brain stem ??
Spinal code ??
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Brain ??? ????

• Cerebral cortex sensory, motor ? ?? ??? ??? ??
• neocortex (???) ?? ??? ??, ??, ?? ? ??
• ????
• Limbic system neocortex ??? ???? ???? ??,
• ????, ??? ?? ? ????
• Cerebellum ??-???? ??? ??
• Midbrain and Brain stem ?? ???? ??,?? ? ??,
• ????, ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???
• ????.
• evolutionary aspect ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ???
• ??? ??? ???? ?? ??. ??? ?? ?????
• ?? ???? ???, ???? ??.
• ??? ?? ??? body weight? 2.5, (? 1.5kg)
• ??(8 kg, ? 0.05 BW), ?? (70 g, ? 0.005 BW)

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???? Nurons
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??
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Action Potential Depolarization
?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ? K ? ?? ???
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.
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• Peripheral Nervous System ?????
• ????? ? ????(??-)? ??
• ????? (Autonomic Nervous System) ??
  ??(Cardiac)
• ? ?? ??? (Smooth muscle)? ??
• ?????(Sympathetic Nervous System)
• catabolic action-??? ??
• ????, ?????, ????
• Stress ? ??
• ?????? (Neurotransmitter)
• -Cholinergic Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine
  (Ach)
• -Adrenergic Neurotransmitter norepinphrine
• ??????(Parasympathetic Nervous System)
• anabolic action-??? ??-
• ????, GI ????
• ?? ? ?? ??
• ???? (Somatic Nervous System) Skeletal muscle

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????
?? ??
??? ???
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• ???? Process
• 1) ??????? ??? 2) presynaptic ??? ???? ??
• 3) ???? ?? Action potential? preganglion ??
  postganglion? ????
• presynaptic ?? ?????? ?? 4) ??? ??? ????
  Postsynaptic? ???? ??
• 5) ???? ?? (ion channel opening, 2nd messenger
  ???signal transduction)
• ????? ????? ???? ??
• Receptor agonists
• ?????? ??? ???? ??(??)
• ??????? ?? (degradation)? ???? ??
• ????? ????? ???? ??
• Presynaptic nerve BLOKER
• ??? ??? (receptor antagonists)
• ??? (Ganglion) BLOKER
• ??? ??(?? ? ?????) ? ?? ????? ??
• ?? ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ????.
• ?? Hierachical ? Diffuse Transmission? ???
  Blocking?
• ??? ?? specific ? ????? ??? ??? ?????
• ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??.

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Ganglion ???
Sympathetic and parasympathetic Nerve
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Sympathetic nerve
-------------------lt
-----------------lt
Ach (nicotinic)
Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
Parasympathetic
--------lt
---------------------------------lt
Ach (nicotinic)
Ach (muscarinic)
-----------------------------------------------lt
Ach (nicotinic)
Somatic motor
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? 1/20000 mm
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Brain signal ? release of acetylcholine at the
presynaptic neuron ? Ach binds to Receptors
(muscarinic, M ) ? Effects on heart and lung, etc
(Parasympathetic nervous system)
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Nicotinic Receptor
Muscarinic Receptor
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MAOmono-amine oxidase
Diffuse
Catecholamines ?????? norepinephrine,
epinephrine diffuse and bind to adrenergic
receptor (?1. ?2.ß1, ß2) at the postsynaptic
cell, and effects on heart, and stomach, etc
(Sympathetic nervous system)
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Agonists
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anesthetics mechanism
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Local anesthetics
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