BANKS CO. MASTER FORAGE PROGRAM

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Pump and Haul Systems
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Remote Storage or Tankers can also be used.
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Umbilical Hose Application Systems
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Incorporation reduces odor and conserves
nitrogen. Ammonia losses can be reduced from
10-30 to 1-5
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Sweep-Style Manure Injector
No-till Manure Injector
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Soybean Stubble in SC, Coastal Plain. Applied at
10,000 gallons per hour.
Sweep Injector
No-Till Injector
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CalibrationLiquid Manure Spreaders

• Spread at least one full load of waste,
  preferably in a square or rectangular field
  pattern for ease of measuring, with normal
  overlaps.
• Measure the length and width of coverage,
  recognizing that the outer fringe areas of the
  coverage will receive much lighter applications
  than the overlapped areas.

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Liquid Application Systems

• Advantages
• provide more transport mobility
• allow direct soil injection
• more flexibility
• can be less expensive

• Disadvantages
• requires more time and labor than irrigation
• higher tractor HP requirement if injecting
• require improved travel roads and proper soil
  trafficability
• higher operating costs

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Pump and Haul Waste Management Systems

• Loading areas are necessary to
• protect equipment and operators
• avoid damaging the lagoon dike or embankment
• Care should be taken to minimize spills during
  loading and transport.
• Calibration is the combination of settings and
  travel speed needed to apply waste at a desired
  rate and to ensure uniform application. You must
  know the spreader capacity.

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Solids Application

• Common methods include
• Broadcast to surface
• Broadcast/Incorp.

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Spreader Calibration

• Do you know the rate?
• Clemson Study
• How about the spreader pattern?

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Calibration of Manure Spreaders

• Applicators can apply manure, bedding, and
  wastewater at varying rates and patterns,
  depending on
• forward travel and/or PTO speed
• gear box settings
• gate openings
• spread widths
• overlaps

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Application Uniformity
Desirable Patterns
Undesirable Patterns
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BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

• Best Management Practices are practices
  determined to be cost effective methods of
  preventing or reducing NPS pollution.
• For waste management, they optimize nutrient
  uptake by plants and minimize nutrient impact on
  the environment.
• A trained agronomist, soil scientist, or
  conservationist is best qualified to assess
  whether a specific BMP is appropriate
  for a given site.

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BMPs?Erosion is the number one source of
nonpoint source pollution in Georgia.
BMPs should include erosion control to reduce
movement of soil and nutrients. Sediment is a
pollutant, sediment carries nutrients, and loss
of top soil reduces nutrient use by crop.
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BMPs in CNMPs

• Table C1 in Template recognizes many BMPs and
  lists twelve specifically.
• You may add any others you like.
• 1) Tissue Analysis/Plant Sampling
• Good way to refine rate
• 2) Injection or incorporation
• 3) Manure Treatments like Alum

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4) Conservation/Reduced Tillage
Reduces runoff and sediment losses
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BMPs 5)contour planting.
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6) Terraces or other water control structures
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BMPs 7) Vegetated Waterways/critical area
plantings grassed waterways can reduce nutrient
movement to ditches, streams, and rivers.
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8) Diversions/ Downslope retention
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BMPs9) Buffers
Before
After
Buffers filter/treat - sediment -
nutrients - pathogens
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9)filter strips can reduce surface movement of
nutrients into nonagricultural land.
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BMP 10) Winter Cover/Scavenger Crops

• Protect soil from erosion over winter
• Crops scavenge residual nitrogen and phosphorus
• May be good crop to graze.

No-till planting into winter cover
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BMPs 11) Rotational Grazing
Crop Management¾It is important to reduce
application rates to account for cattle manure
additions.
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Windbreaks can reduce lagoon effluent and odor
drift from land application sites.
12) Application Timing
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BMPs?

• Animals with access to surface water can be a
  direct source of pollution.

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Record keeping

• Good records are essential
• For regulations
• To protect yourself
• To improve over time
• CNMPs are PLANS
• Records document actions
• Monitor, Correct, Document
• Computer record-keeping programs.

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Required Records

• The following records must be available at the
  farm to satisfy the Environmental Protection
  Division
• By rules or permit
• Individual permits may differ
• Retain for three years
• Record who and when sampled
• Amend CNMP with substantive changes

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Annual Checklist Log

• Manure storage not leaking
• Manure spreading equipment/transport equipment
  okay.
• Manure application according to plan
• Update CNMP
• Totals for field budgets
• Annual Report will require manure generated,
  offsite transport, acres used and reported in NMP
  and any spills

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Other records from NPDES permit

• Inspections, findings, and maintenance
• Semi-annual lagoon effluent (TKNNO3) and
  monitoring wells (TKN,NO3, depth)
• Annual P and pH for each field
• Weekly lagoon and freeboard
• Daily rainfall and land application events
• Response to spills (posting reqd)

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Lagoon Maintenance Inspections

• When inspecting waste inlet pipes, recycling
  pipes, and overflow pipes, look for
• separation of pipe joints
• cracks or breaks
• accumulation of minerals
• overall pipe condition
• Record berm conditions and liquid levels

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Manure Application Records

• Important notations
• Date and time
• Field ID
• Source and quality
• Application rate and number of loads
• For offsite situations record buyer, intended
  use, amount, and nutrient content. Also supply
  directions for use.

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Record Keeping (Other req)

• Document employee training .
• Spill reporting may require BOD, TSS, and amount
  of discharge- be prepared.
• Closure must be reported within three months.

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Beneficial Records

• The following records are not required but should
  be part of your CNMP
• map of farm fields including waste application
  fields and acreage
• animal population
• crop yields and land application BMPs
• water quality/ environmental assessments
• Calibration procedures and results

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Example Records for Liquid Manure Applications

• IRR-1 Lagoon liquid irrigation field record is
  to be used to record each irrigation event.
• IRR-2 Cumulative lagoon liquid irrigation field
  record is to record the total annual waste
  application to one field per crop cycle.

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Similar Records for Slurry and Solid Manure
Applications

• SLUR-1 and SLUR 2 Liquid manure slurry field
  record is to be used to record each waste
  application event if the producer is using a
  slurry or pump and haul system.
• SLD-1 SLD-2 Solid manure

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Example Irrigation Records Using IRR-1 and IRR-2

• Joe Pigford maintains a 3000 head
  feeder-to-finish operation.
• Estimated volume of lagoon liquid generated
  annually is approximately 2.8 million gallons.
• Waste analyses
• February 8, 1996¾2.5 lb PAN/1000 gal
• April 10, 1996¾2.5 lb PAN/1000 gal

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Example Irrigation Records Using IRR-1 and IRR-2

• He irrigates two crops with wastewater using a
  traveling gun that applies 300 gpm.
• Tract T1004 corn¾traveling gun pulls are
  considered Fields 1 to 4, 6 acres each. He wants
  to apply 100 lbs of PAN/acre.
• Tract T1005 bermuda hay¾traveling gun pulls are
  considered Fields 5 and 6, which are 8 and 4
  acres respectively. He wants to apply 300 lbs of
  PAN/acre.

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Example

• Joes Lagoon Liquid Irrigation Field Record (Form
  IRR-1) follows.
• Transfer the information for Fields 1 and 5 each
  onto a separate Form IRR-2.
• Complete the calculations to determine whether
  Joe has met his nitrogen requirement for his corn
  crop and bermuda hay.

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Review

• Controlling Runoff and Erosion is important
  because sediment is a pollutant, it carries
  nutrients, and degrades top soil.
• Always apply manure when crops can use it.
• Manure with highest nutrient content should go to
  fields furthest away.
• Minimum records should include application date,
  nutrient content, amount applied, field, and
  weather conditions.

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Review

• When choosing application equipment, consider
  nutrient losses, operating costs, uniformity of
  application, odor, and time of application.
• Calibration can determine application rate,
  uniformity, and overlap and lane spacing.
• Application rate is just the amount applied
  divided by the area it was applied to.
• Surface applications of manure generally result
  in higher nutrient losses.

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Review

• Record keeping can prevent problems, document
  compliance and improve efficiency.
• Suggested records include application logs,
  rainfall, animal populations, storage
  inspections, equipment maintenance, and water
  quality data.
• Application records should include soil and
  manure tests, yields, application information and
  budgets.
• Transport should include amount sold, buyer, and
  nutrient content.