Diapositiva 1

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PART III
HUMAN EVOLUTION
THINKING ABOUT ORIGINS OF MAN AND CULTURE
Belén Pena
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HUMAN EVOLUTION REVIEW
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CULTURAL TRENDS HUMAN EVOLUTION
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PALAEOLITHICTHE OLD STONE AGE
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SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• Hunter-gatherer analogy
• Small group, low population density, nomadism,
  kinship groups
• Migration
• North America was the last colonized by hominids.
• Beringia (land bridge) between Russia and Alaska
• Asian origin of Native Americans
• 30,000 to 12,000 years B.P. was first migration

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UPPER PALAEOLITHIC, Hotbed of Culture
Top Straw Hut Left Mammoth bone hut Bottom
Tool progression

• 40 10k yBP
• Shelters
• 15,000 yBP Ukraine
• Some made with mammoth bones
• Wood, leather working carpentry
• Tools
• From cores to blades
• Specialization
• Composite tools
• Bow and arrow
• Domestication of dogs
• Gathering rather than hunting became the mainstay
  of human economies.

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EUROPEAN UPPER PALEOLITHIC
Chatelperronian 40-35 kya mix of Middle
Upper Paleolithic
Aurignacian 34-30 kya split-based points
Perigorian 32-22 kya blades
Solutrian 22-18 kya bi-facial points on
blades
Magdalenian 18-11 kya harpoons with barbs
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ARCHAIC H. sapiens ART

• Cave Art
• Traces of art found in beads, carvings, and
  paintings
• Cave paintings in Spain and southern France
  showed a marked degree of skill
• Mobiliar Art . Female figurines
• 27,000 to 22,000 years B.P.
• Called venuses, these figurines depicted women
  with large breasts and broad hips
• Perhaps it was an example of an ideal type, or
  perhaps an expression of a desire for fertility

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CAVE PAINTINGSARCHAIC H. sapiens CULTURE
Cave paintings from 20,000 years ago at
Vallon-Pont-dArc in southern France (left) and
from Lascaux, in southwest France

• Cave paintings
• Mostly animals on bare walls
• Subjects were animals favored for their meat and
  skins
• Human figures were rarely drawn due to taboos and
  fears that it would somehow harm others

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ALTAMIRA CAVE SPAIN 1st discovered 1868 1st
Paleolithic rupestrian (made of/written on rock)
art discovery Gallery of Bulls found in 1879
(left)
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1868 a hunter followed his dog along a hill
(near Altamira) on the northern Spanish Coast
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Maria de Sautuola, 1879 daughter of Marcelino
Sanz de Sautola
Toros pintados!
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Marcelino Sanz de Sautola
1880 "Breves apuntes sobre algunos objetos
prehistóricos de la provincia de Santander"
Brief notes about some prehistoric objects of
the Santander province
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ALTAMIRA CAVE, SPAIN The Sistine Chapel of
Prehistory, 15 kya
While Aurignacian cultural period is represented,
most Altamira paintings represent the later,
Solutrean and Magdalenian periods.
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Altamira Cave, Spain The Sistine Chapel of
Prehistory, 15 kya
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Critics of de Sautolas interpretations Altamira
paintings were, the expression of a mediocre
student of the modern school
More discoveries later led to professional
apologies
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LASCAUX CAVE
One of the Worlds Artistic Archaeological
Wonders 17 kya
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Lascaux Cave Landscape southwestern France near
the Vézère River
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Lascaux Cave A Teenage Discovery in 1940
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Painted Gallery
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Painted Gallery Entrance (stag)
Painted Gallery back wall (bison)
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Great Hall of the Bulls
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Great Hall of the Bulls
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Main Gallery Black Cow Panel quadrangular
signs
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Main Gallerys end shaft
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Scene of Dead Man, Shaft of the Dead Man
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Painting techniques
Sandstone oil lamp
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Painting techniques
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MOBILIARY ART
A l g e r i a
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MOBILIARY ART

• Modelling, carving, engraving

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MOBILIARY ART
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Algeria
Tassili N'Ajjer mountain range in the Sahara
Desert
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Algeria
Crying Cows Sandstone rock Shelter (may be 6
kyold) Also, panels with extinct giant buffalo
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Namibia
Apollo Cave, Hun Mountains,
26-28 kya Among the oldest dated paintings in the
world
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Namibia
26-28 kya Rock Art,
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Rock art sites in southern and sub-Saharan Africa
approx 1 meter long
6 ky-old rock engraving extinct giant buffalo)
central South Africa