???? ??nucleic acid??????????????????????????,?????????????

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??????nucleic acid??????????????????????????,????
?????????
????
????sorts
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????functionDNA??????????heredity character of
organism,? ????genotypeRNA??DNA??????
?heredity message
express,?DNA????????????
????distribution DNA??????????. RNA??
??,???????
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??? ??????? STRUCTURE UNIT
?????????????nucleotide
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????????nucleotide
(?)??pentose ????(DNA) deoxyribose
??(RNA) ribose
(?)???base
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(?)???nucleoside
???????base???ribose?????deoxyribose
?????? ??adenosine
??guanosine ??cytidine
??uridine
????deoxythymidine
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????????
??? ???nucleoside???phosphor????
?????(NMP) nucleoside monophosphate
?????(NDP) nucleoside diphosphate
?????(NTP) nucleoside triphosphate
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???????? RNA

DNA ?????/???(AMP) ?????(dAMP)
adenosine monophosphate deoxy- adenylic
acid ???(GMP)
?????(dGMP) guanylic acid
???(CMP)
?????(dCMP) cytidylic
acid ???(UMP)
?????(dTMP) uridylic acid
thymidylic acid
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?????????????????????(NTP)????DNA?RNA???(dNTP)
??????(?)coenzyme?????
(FMN ? FAD ?NADH)???????(cAMP
cGMP)???????(UDP-GA?PAPS?CDP???)
????????
(?)??????nucleoside triphosphate
NTP(ATP?GTP?CTP?UTP) dNTP( dATP? dGTP?
dCTP? dTTP)
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(?)????niacinamide???????(NAD) ?
???????? ????(NADP) ??????????
(?)??????????(FAD,flavine adenine dinucleotide)
???????(FMN, flavine adenine
mononucleotide) ??????flavine
dehydrogenase???
(?)? ??A(CoA) ?????acyl transferase???
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(?)? ????cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c AMP)
? ????cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
??????,????????????,????? ???,? ???????
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???????
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??? ???????
????????? (?)DNA?????primary
??3',5'-?????phosphodiester ??linkage???????????po
lydeoxynucleotides,?????????????
? pTpApCpGp ? pT-A-C-G(pTACG)
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(?)DNA??? ??gene?????????????RNA????
??????? ???genome
?????????DNA,???????????????intergenic
region ???????2.6-3. 9????,109???
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??DNA?????secondary 1??????? Chargaff??1
)DNA?????????,??????2)????DNA??????????AT,GC,A
GTC
2? DNA????double helix??(1953,Watson
Crick) ????????,????antiparallel,???????axis??,??
DNA???????,?????????????
???????????hydrogen bond???? ????base
matching?? A T C G
???????????3',5'-?????????? ????????????????????
?
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??DNA?????tertiary ??????????,??????
????? supercoil? (?)??DNA??????
??
??
??
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(?)????eucaryon????nucleosome
DNA????histone?????????,?????DNA ???DNA???200bp?
???H1?H2A?H2B?H3?H4
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(?)????DNA???????? 1????????
2?????????????splite gene????????DNA?????,???????
??????????????????????????? intron,????????exon
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??RNA???????? RNA????? ?????polyribonucleotide
???? ???,??????????????, ?????????
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(?)mRNA
???? 1)5'??????m7GpppNMP cap sequence,
??RNA????????,??????????? 2)
3'????A??polyA ??????,?mRNA??????
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????
(?)tRNA 20?AA?32?tRNA
?????????????????
?tRNA????? ?L?
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(?)rRNA ????
???5S?23S,5S?5.8S?28S ???
???16S,18S
(?)?? ??????,???RNA???RNA ???RNA???
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??? ???????
?????? ?? ????
?????,????? ??
????????? ?????? ????
260nm???? 230nm 1OD26050?g/ml dsDNA
37?g/ml ssDNA
40?g/ml RNA
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(?)??(???)annealing ??????????(????)
????
?????????? (?)??(???)denature
???DNA??????7080? ??????????(????)
????
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??????hybridization ??????????????????????????? ??
??????????????????????
????