PROTEINS

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PROTEINS
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III. Proteins
amino acids

• composed of ___________, which are made up of C,
  H, O, N, and S atoms

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A. Amino acids
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• 1. There are ______ different amino acids that
  make up most proteins.

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2. Draw
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1. Amino acids are linked through the condensation
   reaction by ____________ to form ____________.

peptide bonds
polypeptides
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Amino acids are linked together to form
polypeptides Uses the Same chemical reactions

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Amino acids are linked together to form
polypeptides Step 1 remove H and OH
O
O
H
H
H
H
C
OH
C

N
C
C
N
H
R
R
OH
H
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Amino acids are linked together to form
polypeptides Step 2 Link rest of monomers
together
OH
H
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Amino acids are linked together to form
polypeptides Product growing chain 1 water
molecule
OH
H

New bond Called peptide bond
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H2O
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1. Amino acids can be polar, non-polar, charged or
   uncharged. This affects the ________ of the
   protein.

structure
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B. Polypeptides very long chains of amino
acids.

• The amino acids in the chains interact with each
  other, forming different types of structures
• Helixes or coils

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Helix
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B. Polypeptides very long chains of amino
acids.

• The amino acids in the chains interact with each
  other, forming different types of structures
• Helixes or coils
• Pleated Sheets

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Pleated Sheets
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B. Polypeptides very long chains of amino
acids.

• The amino acids in the chains interact with each
  other, forming different types of structures
• Helixes or coils
• Pleated Sheets
• Globular

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Globular Protein
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structure

• C. The ___________ of a protein is greatly
  influenced by conditions such as
• Temperature
• pH

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D. Functions There are many different kinds of
proteins each with different roles.
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D. Functions
structural support

• Provide ________________ and
• ________________.
• Example keratin and collagen
• 2. Control the rate of _________ reactions
  enzymes

building material
chemical
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D. Functions

1. Carry and transport substances in and out of
   ____. Example hemoglobin
2. Fight against _______ antibodies

cells
disease
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IV. Nucleic Acids

• composed of a chain of ___________________.

nucleotides
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NUCLEIC ACID

• Compounds that contain phosphorus, nitrogen,
  carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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A. Nucleotide
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a. Names of Nitrogenous Bases

1. Adenine (A)
2. Thymine (T)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Guanine (G)

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• B. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double
  stranded molecule. It stores the hereditary
  information used to make _____________________.
• a. Nitrogenous bases pair up
• A and T
• G and C

proteins
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(No Transcript)
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• C. RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a single stranded
  molecule, used in making proteins.
• a. Uses the nitrogenous base, Uracil (U) instead
  of Thymine

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Structure of Nucleic Acids - Build/broken down
using same reactions!!
Base
P
o
CH2
H
H
P
Phosphate H2PO3
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Base
o
CH2
P
H
H
H
OH
P
H2PO3
HPO3-
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Base
o
CH2
P
H
H
H
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Chain forms by connecting the sugar of one NT to
the Phosphate of the next Forms Phosphate-sugar
backbone