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Review

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Scientist who used the oil drop experiment to discover the charge on the electron ... Atom Structure Nucleus Electron cloud Atoms found in nature have a neutral charge. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Review


1
Review
  • Scientist who discovered the electron using the
    cathode ray tube
  • Thomson
  • Scientist who used the oil drop experiment to
    discover the charge on the electron
  • Millikan
  • Scientist who conducted the gold foil experiment
    to discover that the nucleus is small, dense, and
    positively charged.
  • Rutherford

2
Review
  • Scientist that developed the pulsating planetary
    model
  • Bohr
  • Scientist that discovered the existence of the
    neutron
  • Chadwick
  • Scientist that had the solid sphere model of the
    atom
  • Dalton

3
Review
  • Greek philosopher who coined the term atom from
    the Greek word atomos
  • Democritus
  • Greek philosopher who did not believe in the atom
  • Aristotle
  • Scientist who created the law of definite
    proportions
  • Proust

4
Review
  • Scientist who created the law of multiple
    proportions
  • Dalton
  • Scientist who created the law of conservation of
    mass
  • Lavoisier

5
Review
6
  • An atom is the smallest particle of an element
    that gives it its chemical and physical
    properties.
  • The atom is extremely small. One teaspoon of
    water has 3 times as many atoms as the Atlantic
    Ocean has teaspoons of water.
  • If a large sports stadium were an atom, a marble
    would represent the nucleus.

7
Atom Structure
  • An atom consists of a
  • Positively charged nucleus that contains protons
    and neutrons
  • Negatively charged electrons in space outside of
    the nucleus.

8
Atoms found in nature have a neutral charge. Why?
9
Atomic Number
  • All atoms of the same element have the same
    number of protons in the nucleus

13
Al
26.981
10
Atomic Number
  • Atomic protons
  • electrons
  • only for neutral atoms

11
Mass Number
  • Mass Number
  • protons neutrons
  • NOT on the periodic table, electron is so small
    that its mass is negligible

12
Average Atomic Mass
  • Weighted average, more abundant isotopes have a
    greater affect
  • On the periodic table

13
Atomic Symbols
  • Hyphen/mass notation - show the name of the
    element, a hyphen, and the mass number in
  • sodium-23
  • Nuclear symbol - show the mass number and atomic
    number next to the chemical symbol
  • mass number
  • 23 Na
  • atomic number 11

14
Figure 3.10 Two isotopes of sodium.
15
Isotopes
  • Atoms of the same element but different mass
    number.
  • Boron-10 (10B) has 5 p and 5 n
  • Boron-11 (11B) has 5 p and 6 n

16
Practice
  • Ar-40
  • P-31

17
Isotopes?
  • Which of the following represent isotopes of the
    same element? Which element?
  • 234 X 234 X 235 X 238 X
  • 92 93 92 92

18
  1. An __ ___ is the smallest particle of an
    element that has the chemical properties of the
    element.

2. The 3 particles that make up the atom are
________, _________, and _________.
3. Atoms with the same number of protons and
electrons, but a different number of neutrons are
called ____________.
4. ___________ was an English scientist who
developed an atomic theory in the early 1800s.
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