Nuts and Spices

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Nuts and Spices

• By Ashley, Kristen, Chealsa, and Melinda

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Objective

• Extract oils from both walnuts and hazelnuts and
  compare IR and GC-MS results to the standards
• Extract oil from nutmeg and caraway seeds and
  compare the IR and GC-MS data to that of the
  standards, eugenol, limonene, and carvone.

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Importance of Experiment

• To develop a good extraction technique for the
  essential oils of nuts and spices.
• The SFE was a good choice of instrumentation
  because it is one step and is more green for the
  environment.
• Nut oils are used primarily for cooking and there
  is a huge market for them.
• Spice essential oils are used for fragrance and
  can be sold for other purposes.

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Procedure

• SFE
• We used a range from 2-5g of sample masses
• Ran each sample twice
• Massed extracted samples
• Ran product using IR and GS-MS

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Procedure (Continued)

• FTIR was used for all standards and extracted
  products except that from caraway seed
• GC-MS
• 12 drops of analyte were dissolved in 15mL of
  hexane and ran on the instrument

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Data

• SFE extracted products
• Day 2 0.4403g hazelnut oil (2.0615g nuts)
• Day 3 0.7285g hazelnut oil (5.0136g nuts)
• 0.6921g hazelnut oil (4.7657g nuts)
• Day 4 0.8113g walnut oil (4.5077g nuts)
• 0.5656g walnut oil (4.5877g nuts)
• Day 5 0.5757g nutmeg oil (4.5113g nutmeg)
• 0.9846g nutmeg oil (4.5088g nutmeg)
• Day 6 0.0748g ? (4.4244g caraway seeds)
• 0.0274g ? (4.6563g caraway seeds)

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Data

• FTIR
• Nutmeg oil has all expected peaks of the
  literature value
• Eugenol matches literature value but does not
  match the extracted product
• Extracted walnut oil is identical to the standard
  with all of the same principal peaks
• Extracted hazelnut oil is identical to the
  standard with all of the same principal peaks

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Data (GC-MS)
Walnut Standard
Hazelnut Standard
Hazelnut Sample
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Data (GC-MS)
Eugenol Standard
Limonene Standard
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Error

• SFE product
• Too low of mass resulted in not enough product
• Nutmeg
• Was a waxy solid with a yellow
• Not actually eugenol (IR spectrum)
• Caraway Seeds
• Unable to crush with a mortar and pestle (crack)
• Not a an oil or a solid
• Unable to run FTIR of GC-MS on product
• Cannot conclude what was extracted

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Error (continued)
Walnut Sample
Carvone standard
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Problems

• Timing issues
• Correcting the SFE
• So many people using the SFE so it needed extra
  cleaning
• Leading to 2 samples a day instead of 3
• IR
• Amount of sample we had available to run
• GC-MS
• The instrument itself during the second week no
  longer held pressure and required daily checks
  and could only run 1 sample a day these are the
  error samples

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Conclusion

• Overall Hazelnut and Walnut oils were very
  successful matching up to the IR spectras
• Nutmeg did not match up to the expected standard
  but did after looking at our results we found it
  matched nutmeg oil.
• Unexpected Success
• Caraway Seeds were overall unsuccessful and we
  did not have enough time to analyze our product
  due to issues with the GC-MS

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Further Possibilities

• We could run other nuts since the two we ran were
  so successful.
• We could develop a better technique for the
  extraction of caraway seeds.
• In the future, the process for determining the
  best technique for each spice or nut could be
  worked out.
• We could also do further research and determine
  if essential oils can be extracted from any other
  foods or products.

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Thanks to
Amanda
Oh, SFE Problems